Boat builders EH

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Boat builders EHS Regulatory UpdateNashville,
TNDecember 5-7, 2005

• John McKnight, Director Environmental Safety
  Compliance

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Major Issues to Watch for 2006

• Deadline is Coming for MACT Compliance Reports
• Whats Happening with Styrene?
• Evaporative Emissions Requirements for 2007 and
  beyond

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What Is Styrene?

• Clear, colorless liquid
• Benzene ring compound
• Found naturally in fruits, such as strawberries
• Used in food packaging, electronics, tire
  manufacturing, reinforced plastic manufacturing
  (i.e. boats)

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What are the health effects of styrene?
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How does OSHA EPA consider styrene?

• OSHA
• Material Safety Data Sheets
• Permissible Exposure Limit
• EPA
• Toxic Release Inventory
• Hazardous Air Pollutant
• Volatile Organic Compound
• IRIS Database

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U.S. EPA IRIS

• Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
• EPA electronic database which classifies health
  hazard data on chemicals
• Styrene review (update) began in 1998

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What does IRIS do?

• IRIS styrene assessment looks at non-cancer
  health effects as well as evaluating cancer
  potential
• IRIS report will include reevaluations of the
  inhalation reference concentration (RfC) number
  for styrene, as well as the oral reference dose
  (RfD) number
• Will also include EPAs first formal
  carcinogenicity classification for styrene

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2. Composition/Information on Ingredients Ingredi
ent CAS No Percent Hazardous ---------------------
------------------ ------------ ------------
--------- Styrene 100-42-5 90 - 100 Yes
3. Hazards Identification Emergency Overview
-------------------------- DANGER! FLAMMABLE
LIQUID AND VAPOR. HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED, INHALED
OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN. CAUSES IRRITATION TO
SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. AFFECTS CENTRAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM, LIVER AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.
J.T. Baker SAF-T-DATA(tm) Ratings (Provided
here for your convenience) ----------------------
--------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------- Health
Rating 3 - Severe (Cancer Causing) Flammability
Rating 3 - Severe (Flammable) Reactivity
Rating 2 - Moderate Contact Rating 2 -
Moderate Lab Protective Equip GOGGLES SHIELD
LAB COAT APRON VENT HOOD PROPER GLOVES CLASS
B EXTINGUISHER Storage Color Code Red
(Flammable) -------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------
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What may change in 2007?

• EPA plans to update the IRIS database for styrene
• Styrene could be listed as a suggested or likely
  human carcinogen.

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What would this mean to boat builders?

• Greater employee and neighbor concerns
• Lower fence line limits
• Residual risk
• State OSHA PEL

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What is NMMA doing to assist boat builders?

• ACMA / NMMA / SIRC
• Talking to EPA
• SIRC PATG
• Education information
• Communication information
• Styrene Workshops
• www.styrene. org

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Evaporative Emissions from Boat Fuel Systems

• What EPA is Planning to Propose
• Results of the NMMA Test Program
• Carbon canisters
• Fuel, Fill and Vent Hoses
• California 2007 SD/I fuel hose requirements

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Evaporative Emissions from Boats
Refueling and spillage
Diurnal, hot soak, and running loss
Permeation through fuel tank and hoses
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Rulemaking Plans

• Scope
• exhaust and evaporative emissions
• gasoline-powered engines/vessels
• build on 2002 NPRM
• Schedule
• anticipate proposal this spring
• final rule 1 year later
• Marine Evaporative Emissions
• tank permeation
• hose permeation
• diurnal breathing losses

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Rulemaking Process
publish Final Rulemaking
Implement
FRM
publish Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
lead time certification
Public Comment
NPRM
public hearing written comment period
Pre- Proposal

• gather information
• meet with stakeholders

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Tank Permeation Control

• High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
• portable, PWC, and some installed fuel tanks
• fluorination, sulfonation, Selar, multi-layer,
  alternative materials
• Cross-Link PE
• installed fuel tanks (low volume production)
• barrier coating, multi-layer roto-molding,
  alternative materials, alternative constructions
• Fiberglass
• built-in installed fuel tanks
• multi-layer construction
• (Metal does not permeate)

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Hose Permeation Control

• Multi-layer fuel hose
• barriers used today in non-marine applications
  (Teflon, THV, FKM, etc.)
• marine barrier hose available as well
• can add barriers to current marine constructions
• gt 95 reduction in permeation possible
• EPA Evaluating contribution vs. cost

barrier layer
reinforcement
rubber
cover
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Diurnal Breathing Loss Control

• Portable fuel tanks
• currently have manual seal without pressure
  relief
• could use self sealing caps (1 way valve)
• PWC
• already have sealed systems with pressure relief
  valves
• 1 psi 50 reduction in-use from an open system
• Larger fuel tanks
• carbon canister in vent line
• gt 60 reduction with passive purge
• negligible back-pressure
• other technologies include
• bladder fuel tanks
• active purge canisters

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NMMA Summer 2005 Test Program

• Carbon Canister Safety and Durability Study
• Marine Hose Permeation Study
• Fuel Hose
• Fill Hose
• Vent Hose

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Test Cases
Boat Manufacturer Type Fuel Tank Volume Canister Volume Test Date(s)
Four Winns 17 Open Bow 24 gallon 1.0 liter 8/25
Four Winns 18 Open Bow 32 gallon 1.0 liter
Crestliner 17 Open Boat 24 gallon 1.0 liter 9/20
Crestliner 18 Open Boat 31 gallon 1.0 liter
Crestliner 23 Pontoon 25 gallon 1.0 liter 9/20
Crestliner 23 Pontoon 25 gallon 1.0 liter
Four Winns 19 Open Bow 50 gallon 1.5 liter 8/25
Four Winns 21 Open Bow 50 gallon 1.5 liter
Four Winns 27 Cruiser 85 gallon 2.5 liter
Century 26 Sportfisherman 150 gallon 4.0 liter 8/16
Century 26 Offshore 150 gallon 4.0 liter
Grady White 23 Offshore 150 gallon 4.0 liter 9/16
Grady White 30 Offshore (2) 150 gallon 4.0 liter 8/4 9/15
Century 29 Sportfisherman 300 gallon (2) 3.5 liter 9/7
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BWC Apparatus
Temp Meter
Purge Flow meter
Vent Bubble Meter
Butane Feed Flow meter
Vacuum Pump
Butane Vent Flow meter
Butane Cylinder
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Summary

• Testing showed no degradation in capacity due to
  moisture or liquid gasoline exposure
• Regenerable carbon capacity was maintained
  throughout test period
• Carbon capacity was unaffected by physical
  stresses associated with marine use
• Carbon canisters did not affect performance of
  boats

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Future Work

• Carbon canisters will be removed from boats and
  tested for particle size distribution, heel
  analysis, and capacity
• Two canisters will remain on boats for long-term
  testing

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SAE J 1527 (Marine Hoses) specifies a weight loss
method for measuring permeation. Our measurement
configuration is shown below.
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Liquid Hose

• Grady White - MPI A1 3/8 ID
• Yamaha
• Four Winns
• Tiara - Shields A1 ½ ID
• Parker Advanced Material
• Tempo B1

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Our Fill Hose test configuration is shown with
the 5 gallon container half-full of Fuel E10 is
used.
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Fill Hose Grady White MPI Hard Wall A2 1 ½
ID Yamaha Four Winns Tiara
MPI Hard Wall A2 2 ID Parker Advanced
Material - NOVAFLEX
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Our Vent Hose configuration is shown in the
photo. The drum is half-full of E10 fuel. A
canister with marine grade carbon is vented to
atmosphere
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Vent Hose

• Grady White - Shield B-Acol B2
• Four Winns
• Yamaha
• Tiara - Shield Fire-Acol A1
• Crestliner - MPI A1
• Parker - Advanced Material

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Hose Permeation Summary

• Current hose appears to be meeting new standard
• Comparison tests of E10 and CE10 have been
  completed
• Similar results with CE 10, slightly higher, but
  still well below 15 g/m2