European Architecture through the Centuries

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European Architecture through the Centuries

• Ari Ball

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Renaissance Architecture

• During the Renaissance more secular buildings
  became popular.
• The Roman Classics became a primary reference at
  this point
• Architects made the transition from being skilled
  laborer to artists

3
Characteristics of Renaissance Architecture

• Emphasis on symmetry
• Columns
• Arches
• Domes
• Reference to the classics
• Aedicule

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Filippo Brunelleschi

• Brunelleschi was considered the first renaissance
  architect.
• Helped engineer the dome of the
• Florence Cathedral.
• Style spread
• quickly.

5
Influencing Europe

• Florence- soon spreading to the rest of Italy
• France- brought major Italian architects to
  influence their architectural style
• Soon followed by Germany, England, and Russia

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Forms of Renaissance Architecture

• Elizabethan
• Romanesque
• Mannerism
• French Renaissance Architecture
• Palladian Architecture
• Tudor Architecture
• Note I will elaborate on the most commonly used
  throughout the PowerPoint

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Elizabethan Architecture

• During Elizabeth I reign
• Characterized by Dutch gable and Flemish strap
  work
• Can be seen on Wolltan Hall and Burghley House
• English Renaissance style

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Romanesque Architecture

• Transition from Renaissance to Gothic styles
• Popular Norman style

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Characteristics of Romanesque Architecture

• Reference to the Roman style of building
• Arches that would influence Gothic style
• Most popular in the Netherlands
• Can be seen in the Plan of Saint Gall Church

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Gothic Architecture

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Characteristics of Gothic Architecture

• Pointed arches
• Flying buttresses
• Ribbed vault
• Mainly used in Cathedrals and castles
• Can be found in universities, churches, and town
  halls

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Abbot Suger

• Friend of Louis VI and VII
• Asked to rebuild Church of Saint- Denis
• Said to be the first church built in the Gothic
  style
• Completed with rose windows, large pointed
  arches, ribbed vaults and flying buttresses.

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Religious Support of Gothic Architecture

• The spiritual Benedictines
• Cistercian Orders in France
• Franciscans- Grey Friars
• The Dominicans

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Mannerist Architecture

• Led to Baroque style- has the same
  characteristics
• Period marked with works by Michelangelo, Giulio
  Romano, Baldassare Peruzzi, and Andrea Palladio.

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Baroque Architecture
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Characteristics of Baroque Architecture

• Visible statement of wealth and power
• Theatrical
• Linked to Counter Reformation
• Baroque- mis-shapen pearl
• High alters and chapels

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Baroque and the Church

• Pope Urban VIII
• Innocent X
• Alexander VII

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Rococo Architecture

• Appeared first in France
• Arranged in organized chaos

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Characteristics of Rococo Architecture

• Organic based objects
• Light
• Delicate colors
• Rippling surfaces
• Often used in interior design

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Revival Architecture

• 18th and 19th century expansion
• Marks the growth of the Roman Catholic Church
• Became popular with the growth of
  industrialization and the need for more churches
  and cathedrals.

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Characteristics of Revival Architecture

• Drawing from the previous forms of architecture
• Often used in rebuilding or remodeling
• Mostly used when constructing new churches

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Modern Architecture

• Ideals of Modernism
• Draw from previous popular forms
• More practical in comparison

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Characteristics of Modern Architecture

• Functional
• Formal shapes
• Symbolic values of the classics
• Spacious
• Diverse

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Architectural Changes in Cities

• Society was agriculturally based throughout until
  the Industrial Revolutions
• During the 18th and 19th centuries change to more
  industrialized cities and the move out to suburbs
  would occur

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References

• Department of European Paintings. "Architecture
  in Renaissance Italy". In Heilbrunn Timeline of
  Art History. New York The Metropolitan Museum
  of Art, 2000. http//www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/i
  tar/hd_itar.htm (October 2002
• Matthews, Kevin. "Baroque Architecture ."
  Greatbuildings.com. ArtificeInc, 1998. Web. 25
  Mar 2011.
• Rococo Architecture." www.artsz.org. Página web
  Realizada con el Patrocinio de la Cámara de
  Comercio e Industria de Madrid, 02/08/2008. Web.
  25 Mar 2011.

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References continued

• "Gothic Revival architecture." The Columbia
  Electronic Encyclopedia. 2005. Columbia
  University Press 25 Mar. 2011 http//encyclopedi
  a2.thefreedictionary.com/GothicRevival
  architecture
• Baroque Revival architecture." The Great Soviet
  Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition. 1970-1979. The Gale
  Group, Inc. 26 Mar. 2011 http//encyclopedia2.the
  freedictionary.com/GothicRevivalarchitecture