Reducing Project Time

1
????? 9???????????????????

• Reducing Project Time

2
?????????????????????? project

• 1. Imposed project ?????????????????????????
  concept phase ????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
  ??????????????? ?????????? launch project
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  

3

• 2. Incentive contract ????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ???? ????????????????
  ????????????????????? ???? ??????????????????????
  California ???????????? ??????????????????????????
  ?????????????????? 1 ???????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????
• 3. Save high overhead ????????? OH cost ???? cost
  ????????? allocate ????????? project ???? ????
  ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????
  ????????????? cost ???????

4

• Cost-time Trade-off Problem
• ????????? trade-off ????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????
• ???? ??????????? critical activity
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?

5
Project cost

• Project cost ??????????? Indirect cost ???
  direct cost
• Indirect cost ???? overhead cost ???? cost
  ???????????????????????????? project ???? ??????
  ????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????????
  ??????? ???? IC ??????????????????????? ?????????
  cost ???????
• Direct cost ???? cost ??????????????????????
  project ???? ?????? material equipment ???????
  ???? DC ?????????????????????? ????????? cost
  ????? ??????
• ????????????????????????????????? Total cost
  ???? DC IC ??????????????? ?????? optimum
  cost-time point ?????????? ????????????????? 10
  ??? ???? TC ?????????

6
Project cost-time graph
7
Definition Crashing shortening an activity
???????? activity ???????????? Crash time
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??? ?????????????????????????
Activity graph
8

• ???????????????????????? ????????? 10 time
  unit (normal time) ????? normal cost 400
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???? 5 time unit ???? cost 800
• ?????????????????????????????????? slope
  ?????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????

9

• Assumption
• Cost-time relationship is linear
• Normal time assume ?? low-cost ?????? efficient
  method ???????? project complete
• Crash time ???? limit ???????????????????????????
  ????????????? ??????????????????????
• Slope ?????????????????????????????? (cost/unit
  time) ??????????? crash activity ????????????????
  cost/unit time ??? ????????????????????????????
  normal time ??? crash time ????????????

Cost slope crash cost normal cost ???? CC - NC normal time crash time NT - CT
??????????????????? (800 - 400) / (10 - 5)
80 / time unit ??????? ?????????????????? 9
????????? cost 400 80 , ?????????????????? 8
??? ???? cost 400 80 80
10

• ???????? cost-time trade-off sample
• ?? maximum crash time maximum crash time
  normal time crash time
• ?? slope slope crash cost normal cost
  ???????? slope ??? G 0
• maximum crash time
• ?? network ???????????????? critical path
  ????????????????? activity ??

11
Cost-time trade-off sample
12

• ???????? ?????? X ??????????????????????????
• ?????????????????? 25 ??? critical path A-D-F-G
  cost 450 ????????????? slope ????? A ???? ?????
  24 ??? cost 450 20 470 ??? critical path
  ????????????????? ????????? 2
• ?? slope ??? D , F ?? D ??????????? 23 ??? cost
  47025 495 ??? critical path ????????? 2
  path ????????? 3
• ?????? 3 ??????????????????????????????????? F
  ?????? F ??????????? 22 ??? cost 495 30
  525 ????????? 4
• ????????? 4 ????????????? critical path
  ????????? 3 ??????????? ??????????????? 3 path
  ??? path ??? ???????? B ??? F ????? slope
  ????????? F , path ?????? ????? C (????????) path
  ??? 3 ????? D (????????) ???????????? 21 ??? cost
  525 30 30 25 610
• ??????????????????????????????? ?? direct cost
  ???????? indirect cost ?????????????????? total
  cost plot graph ????????????????? ??????????????
  ????????????????????????? project ????? 22 ???
  ????????? Total cost ?????????

13
(No Transcript)
14

• ?????????? (Ill bet you)
• ????????????????????????????????????????
  project ?????? critical ?????????????
• Project manager ????????????????????????????????
  ????
• ???????????????? ?????????? ????????????????
  ??????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????
• Expectancy theory of motivation
• Can I do it ? ???????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????
• Will I get it ? ???????????????????? potential
  ??????????????
• Is it worth it ? ?????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????? No
  ??????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? Yes ???? 3 ??? ???????????

15

• ????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ????????????????????
• ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????? / ????????
• ?????????????????? ???????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????

16

• ????????????????????????????????????? project
  ??????? resources ???????
• 1. Adding resources
• Additional worker and equipment
• Increase communication requirements -
  ????????????????
• Manage larger team ?????????????????????????????
  ??
• Training new people - ???????????????????
• Brooks Law adding manpower to a late software
  project make it later ??????????????????

17

• 2. Outsourcing project work (?????????? ????????
  project) ????? subcontractor ?????????????????????
  ??????????????
• 3. Scheduling Overtime
• Advantage ?????????????????????????? ,
  ????????????????????????????????????????????
• Disadvantage ??????????? (burnout)
  ????????????? (fatigue) , ?????????????????
  ????????? 1.5 ???? ??????? 2 ????
• 4. Do it twice Fast and correctly
  ?????????????????????? (quick and dirty)
  ???????????????????? ???? ??? Oregon ?????????
  stadium ?????? NBA ???????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????

18

• Option ???????????????? Resources ???????
• 1. Fast-tracking ?????? rearrange network ????
  ?????? critical activity ??? sequential ???????
  parallel ?????????????????????????????
  finish-to-start ???? start-to-start
• 2. Critical chain
• 3. Brainstorming time saving suggestion
• 4. Reducing project scope key ?? scope
  ?????????????? ???? ????? feature ??????????
  ????????????????????????????????
• 5. Phase project delivery ????????????????????????
  ?? ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????? ?????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????
• 6. Reducing quality ?????????? ????????????

19

• Cost reduction , not time
• 1. Reducing project scope ?? scope ?????? WBS
  ???????
• 2. Owner taken more responsibility
  ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????? ??? cost ???? ???????? scope ????????
  
• 3. Outsourcing ????????????????????? budget
  ?????? ?????????? scope ????????????? make sense
  ?????????????????????????? ???? ?????? internet
  ????????? (?????????????? MSN ?????????) ??
  outsource ?????????? (????????????????????
  ???????????????????????) ??????????????????
  ???????????? ?????????????? outsource
  ????????????????? ??????????? define deliverable
  ?????????
• 4. Brainstorming cost saving options