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ARTICULATIONS

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Title: ARTICULATIONS Author: John Harris Last modified by: harris Created Date: 4/15/2001 4:15:47 AM Document presentation format: On-screen Show Company – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ARTICULATIONS


1
ARTICULATIONS
2
CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS
  • FUNCTIONAL VS STRUCTURAL

3
FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATIONS
  • SYNARTHROSES
  • AMPHIARTHROSES
  • DIARTHROSES

4
SYNARTHROSES
  • IMMOVABLE JOINTS

5
AMPHIARTHROSES
  • ALLOW SLIGHT MOVEMENT

6
DIARTHROSES
  • FREELY MOVEABLE
  • SYNOVIAL JOINTS

7
STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION
  • FIBROUS
  • CARTILAGINOUS
  • SYNOVIAL

8
FIBROUS
  • HELD TIGHTLY TOGETHER BY FIBROUS CONNECTIVE
    TISSUE
  • SUTURAL LIGAMENT
  • LITTLE MATERIAL BETWEEN BONES
  • LITTLE MOVEMENT
  • MOST ARE SYNARTHROSES

9
TYPE OF FIBROUS JOINTS
  • SUTURES
  • SYNDESMOSES
  • GOMPHOSES

10
SUTURES
  • EDGES OF BONES HAVE INTERDIGITATIONS
  • CLOSE AND FIRMLY FIT TOGETHER
  • SYNARTHROSIS

11
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12
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13
SYNOSTOSIS
  • FIBERS COMPLETELY REPLACED BY BONE
  • SUTURE BECOME FIRMLY FUSED TOGETHER
  • ANY TYPE OF JOINT CAN BECOME A SYNOSTOSIS

14
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15
SYNDESMOSES
  • HELD TOGETHER BY FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • MORE SPACE BETWEEN BONES
  • LIGAMENTS OR INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANES
  • OFFER LITTLE MOVEMENT BUT SOME GIVE
  • SYNARTHROSES

16
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17
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18
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19
GOMPHOSES
  • SPECIALIZED JOINT
  • CONE INTO SOCKET
  • ROOTS OF TEETH WITH ALVEOLAR SOCKETS
  • PERIDONTAL LIGAMENT
  • SYNARTHROSES

20
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21
CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
  • JOINED BY CARTILAGE

22
TYPES OF CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
  • SYNCHONDROSES
  • SYMPHYSES

23
SYNCHONDROSES
  • HYALINE CARTILAGE
  • MOST ARE SYNARTHROSES
  • SOME ARE AMPHIARTHOSES
  • MANY ARE TEMPORARY JOINTS

24
EPIPHYSEAL PLATE
25
EPIPHYSEAL PLATE
26
SYMPHYSES
  • FIBROCARTILAGE
  • COMPRESSIBLE
  • SERVE AS SHOCK ABSORBERS
  • AMPHIARTHROSES

27
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28
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29
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30
SYNOVIAL JOINTS
  • MOST OF JOINTS
  • FLUID FILLED JOINT CAVITY
  • FREELY MOVEABLE
  • LIGAMENTS, TENDONS, MUSCLES OR ADJOINING BONES
    ONLY LIMITING FACTORS
  • DIARTHROSES

31
CHARACTERISTIC OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
  • ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
  • SYNOVIAL CAVITY
  • ARTICULAR CAPSULE
  • SYNOVIAL FLUID
  • SUPPORTING LIGAMENTS

32
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33
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
  • THIN LAYER OF HYALINE CARTILAGE
  • COVERS SMOOTH ARTICULAR SURFACE

34
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
35
SYNOVIAL CAVITY
  • JOINT CAVITY
  • SMALL SPACE
  • SEPARATES BONES
  • FILLED WITH SYNOVIAL FLUID

36
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37
ARTICULAR CAPSULE
  • DOUBLE LAYERED
  • FIBROUS CAPSULE
  • SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

38
FIBROUS CAPSULE
39
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40
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
41
SYNOVIAL FLUID
  • PROVIDES NOURISHMENT TO ARTICULAR CARTILAGES
  • WEIGHT BEARING ELEMENT
  • LUBRICANT

42
SUPPORTING LIGAMENTS
  • CAPSULAR OR INTRINSIC LIGAMENTS
  • EXTRACAPSULAR LIGAMENTS
  • INTRACAPSULAR LIGAMENTS

43
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44
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45
OPTIONAL FEATURES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
  • ARTICULAR DISCS

46
MENISCUS OF KNEE
47
TORN MENSICI
48
BURSA AND TENDON SHEATHS
  • NOT ACTUALLY PART OF SYNOVIAL JOINT
  • FOUND WITH THEM OFTEN
  • HAVE SYNOVIAL FLUID
  • REDUCE FRICTION BETWEEN STRUCTURES

49
BURSAE
  • SMALL SACS
  • LINED WITH SYNOVIAL MEMBRANES
  • FOUND THROUGHOUT BODY
  • MOST LOCATED BETWEEN TENDONS AND BONE

50
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51
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52
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53
TENDON SHEATHS
  • WHERE TENDONS CROSS JOINTS
  • PROTECTS AGAINST FRICTION
  • CYLINDRICAL SACS
  • TENDONS SLIDE THROUGH THEM

54
MOVEMENT OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
  • GLIDING
  • FLEXION
  • DORSIFLEXION
  • EXTENSION
  • PLANTAR FLEXION
  • ABDUCTION
  • ADDUCTION
  • CIRCUMDUCTION
  • ROTATION
  • SUPINATION
  • PRONATION
  • ELEVATION
  • DEPRESSION
  • INVERSION
  • EVERSION
  • PROTRACTION
  • RETRACTION

55
TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
  • UNIAXIAL JOINTS
  • BIAXIAL JOINTS
  • TRIAXIAL JOINTS
  • NONAXIAL

56
NONAXIAL JOINTS
  • GLIDING OR ARTHRODIAL JOINTS
  • APPOSITION OF FLAT OR SLIGHTLY CURVED SURFACES
  • MOVEMENT CAN OCCUR IN ANY DIRECTION
  • LIGAMENTS AND/OR BONY PROCESSES LIMIT MOVEMENT

57
GLIDING OR PLANAR JOINTS
58
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59
ARTICULAR PROCESSES OF VERTEBRAE
60
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61
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62
ARTICULATIONS BETWEEN CARPAL BONES
63
ARTICULATIONS BETWEEN TARSAL BONES
64
UNIAXIAL JOINTS
  • HINGE OR GINGLYMUS JOINTS
  • PIVOT OR TRICHOID JOINTS

65
HINGE OR GINGLYMUS JOINTS
  • ELBOW
  • KNEE
  • PHALANGES OF FINGERS AND TOES

66
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67
ELBOW
68
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69
KNEE
70
PIVOT OR TRICHOID BONE
  • ATLAS AND AXIS
  • PROXIMAL ARTICULATION BETWEEN RADIUS AND ULNA

71
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72
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73
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74
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75
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76
BIAXIAL JOINTS
  • CONDYLOID OR ELLIPSOID JOINTS
  • SADDLE JOINTS

77
CONDYLOD OR ELLIPSOID JOINTS
  • ARTCULATIONS BETWEEN RADIUS AND CARPALS
  • OCCIPITAL CONDYLES ON ATLAS
  • METACAPOPHALANGEAL JOINTS
  • METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINTS

78
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79
RADIAL-CARPAL
80
OCCIPITAL CONDYLES - ATLAS
81
METACARPAL-PHALANGEAL JOINT
82
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83
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84
SADDLE JOINTS
  • CARPOMETACARPAL JOINT OF THUMB

85
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86
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87
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88
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89
TRIAXIAL JOINT
  • BALL AND SOCKET OR SPHEROID JOINTS
  • SHOULDER AND HIP JOINTS

90
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91
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92
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93
A SURVEY OF SELECTED JOINTS
94
SHOULDER JOINT
  • CORACOHUMERAL LIGAMENT
  • GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENTS
  • GLENOID LABRUM
  • ROTATOR CUFF

95
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96
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97
ELBOW JOINT
  • ULNAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
  • RADIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
  • ANNULAR LIGAMENT

98
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99
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100
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101
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102
HIP JOINT
  • ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
  • PUBOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
  • ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
  • ACETABULAR LABRUM
  • LIGAMENTUM TERES (CAPITATE LIGAMENT)

103
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104
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105
KNEE
  • PATELLAR LIGAMENT
  • OBLIQUE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT
  • ARCUATE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT
  • MEDIAL AND LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
  • MEDIAL AND LATERAL MENISCI
  • ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS

106
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107
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108
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109
ANKLE JOINT
110
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111
CLINICAL CONDITIONS
112
SPRAINS
  • TWISTING OR OVERSTRETCHING OF A JOINT
  • TEAR OR SEPARATION
  • SLOW TO HEAL DUE TO LACK OF BLOOD SUPPLY

113

114
DISLOCATION
  • LUXATION
  • BONES ARE DISPLACED
  • SHOULDER, FINGERS AND THUMBS MOST COMMON

115
DISLOCATION
116
BURSITIS
  • INFLAMATION OF BURSA
  • ECESSIVE SYNOVIAL FLUID
  • REDNESS, SWELLING AND PAIN

117
TENDINITIS
  • INFLAMMATION OF TENDON SHEATHS
  • LOCALIZED TENDERNESS AND EXTREME PAIN WHEN JOINT
    IS MOVED
  • WRISTS, ELBOW AND SHOULDER MOST OFTEN AFFECTED

118
TENDONITIS OF ACHILLES
119
TENDONITIS OF SUPRASPINATUS TENDON

120
HERNIATED DISC
  • RUPTURED DISC
  • PRESSURE CAN CAUSE SERVERE PAIN
  • CAN CAUSE NERVE DAMAGE

121
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122
TORN MENSICI
123
ARTHRITIS
  • VARIETY OF TYPES
  • PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES TO JOINT MEMBRANES, BONES OR
    CARTILAGE

124
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
  • SEVERE FORM
  • WOMEN MORE THAN MEN
  • PANNUS
  • DESTROYS JOINT

125
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126
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127
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128
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129
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130
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131
GOUTY ARTHRITIS
  • SUDDEN SEVERE PAIN AND SWELLLING
  • TOES, INSTEPS, HEELS, KNEES AND WRISTS
  • MORE COMMON IN MALES
  • INHERITED DEFECT
  • INCREASED URIC ACID LEVELS FORM CRYSTALS

132
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133
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134
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135
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136
DEGENERATIVE OSTEOARTHRITIS
  • PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF CARTILAGE
  • MAY HAVE APPEARANCE OF BONE SPURS

137
OSTEOARTHRITIS
138
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139
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140
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141
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142
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143
SUPPURATIVE ARTHRITIS
144
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145
ABNORMAL CURVATURES OF THE SPINE
  • SCOLIOSIS
  • KYPHOSIS
  • LORDOSIS

146
SCOLIOSIS
147
SCOLIOSIS
148
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149
KYPHOSIS
150
KYPHOSIS
151
LORDOSIS
152
OSTEOPOROSIS
153
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154
OSTEOMALACIA
155
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156
RICKETS
157
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158
PAGETS DISEASE
159
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160
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161
FRACTURE
162
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163
STRESS FRACTURES
164
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165
OSTEOMYELITIS
166
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167
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168
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169
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170
BONE CANCER
171
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172
PITUITARY DWARFISM
173
RUSSELL-SILVER SYNDROME
174
ACHONDROPLASTIC DWARFISM
175

176
ACHONDROPLASTIC DWARFISM
177
GIGANTISM

178
ACROMEGALY
179
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180

181


182
TUBERCULOSIS OF BONE
183
SCURVY
184
TUBERCULOSIS IN JOINT
185
METASTIC CALCIFICATION
186
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