Title: ARTICULATIONS
1ARTICULATIONS
2CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS
3FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATIONS
- SYNARTHROSES
- AMPHIARTHROSES
- DIARTHROSES
4SYNARTHROSES
5AMPHIARTHROSES
6DIARTHROSES
- FREELY MOVEABLE
- SYNOVIAL JOINTS
7STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION
- FIBROUS
- CARTILAGINOUS
- SYNOVIAL
8FIBROUS
- HELD TIGHTLY TOGETHER BY FIBROUS CONNECTIVE
TISSUE - SUTURAL LIGAMENT
- LITTLE MATERIAL BETWEEN BONES
- LITTLE MOVEMENT
- MOST ARE SYNARTHROSES
9TYPE OF FIBROUS JOINTS
- SUTURES
- SYNDESMOSES
- GOMPHOSES
10SUTURES
- EDGES OF BONES HAVE INTERDIGITATIONS
- CLOSE AND FIRMLY FIT TOGETHER
- SYNARTHROSIS
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13SYNOSTOSIS
- FIBERS COMPLETELY REPLACED BY BONE
- SUTURE BECOME FIRMLY FUSED TOGETHER
- ANY TYPE OF JOINT CAN BECOME A SYNOSTOSIS
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15SYNDESMOSES
- HELD TOGETHER BY FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- MORE SPACE BETWEEN BONES
- LIGAMENTS OR INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANES
- OFFER LITTLE MOVEMENT BUT SOME GIVE
- SYNARTHROSES
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19GOMPHOSES
- SPECIALIZED JOINT
- CONE INTO SOCKET
- ROOTS OF TEETH WITH ALVEOLAR SOCKETS
- PERIDONTAL LIGAMENT
- SYNARTHROSES
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21CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
22TYPES OF CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
23SYNCHONDROSES
- HYALINE CARTILAGE
- MOST ARE SYNARTHROSES
- SOME ARE AMPHIARTHOSES
- MANY ARE TEMPORARY JOINTS
24EPIPHYSEAL PLATE
25EPIPHYSEAL PLATE
26SYMPHYSES
- FIBROCARTILAGE
- COMPRESSIBLE
- SERVE AS SHOCK ABSORBERS
- AMPHIARTHROSES
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30SYNOVIAL JOINTS
- MOST OF JOINTS
- FLUID FILLED JOINT CAVITY
- FREELY MOVEABLE
- LIGAMENTS, TENDONS, MUSCLES OR ADJOINING BONES
ONLY LIMITING FACTORS - DIARTHROSES
31CHARACTERISTIC OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
- ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
- SYNOVIAL CAVITY
- ARTICULAR CAPSULE
- SYNOVIAL FLUID
- SUPPORTING LIGAMENTS
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33ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
- THIN LAYER OF HYALINE CARTILAGE
- COVERS SMOOTH ARTICULAR SURFACE
34ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
35SYNOVIAL CAVITY
- JOINT CAVITY
- SMALL SPACE
- SEPARATES BONES
- FILLED WITH SYNOVIAL FLUID
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37ARTICULAR CAPSULE
- DOUBLE LAYERED
- FIBROUS CAPSULE
- SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
38FIBROUS CAPSULE
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40SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
41SYNOVIAL FLUID
- PROVIDES NOURISHMENT TO ARTICULAR CARTILAGES
- WEIGHT BEARING ELEMENT
- LUBRICANT
42SUPPORTING LIGAMENTS
- CAPSULAR OR INTRINSIC LIGAMENTS
- EXTRACAPSULAR LIGAMENTS
- INTRACAPSULAR LIGAMENTS
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45OPTIONAL FEATURES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
46MENISCUS OF KNEE
47TORN MENSICI
48BURSA AND TENDON SHEATHS
- NOT ACTUALLY PART OF SYNOVIAL JOINT
- FOUND WITH THEM OFTEN
- HAVE SYNOVIAL FLUID
- REDUCE FRICTION BETWEEN STRUCTURES
49BURSAE
- SMALL SACS
- LINED WITH SYNOVIAL MEMBRANES
- FOUND THROUGHOUT BODY
- MOST LOCATED BETWEEN TENDONS AND BONE
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53TENDON SHEATHS
- WHERE TENDONS CROSS JOINTS
- PROTECTS AGAINST FRICTION
- CYLINDRICAL SACS
- TENDONS SLIDE THROUGH THEM
54MOVEMENT OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
- GLIDING
- FLEXION
- DORSIFLEXION
- EXTENSION
- PLANTAR FLEXION
- ABDUCTION
- ADDUCTION
- CIRCUMDUCTION
- ROTATION
- SUPINATION
- PRONATION
- ELEVATION
- DEPRESSION
- INVERSION
- EVERSION
- PROTRACTION
- RETRACTION
55TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
- UNIAXIAL JOINTS
- BIAXIAL JOINTS
- TRIAXIAL JOINTS
- NONAXIAL
56NONAXIAL JOINTS
- GLIDING OR ARTHRODIAL JOINTS
- APPOSITION OF FLAT OR SLIGHTLY CURVED SURFACES
- MOVEMENT CAN OCCUR IN ANY DIRECTION
- LIGAMENTS AND/OR BONY PROCESSES LIMIT MOVEMENT
57GLIDING OR PLANAR JOINTS
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59ARTICULAR PROCESSES OF VERTEBRAE
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62ARTICULATIONS BETWEEN CARPAL BONES
63ARTICULATIONS BETWEEN TARSAL BONES
64UNIAXIAL JOINTS
- HINGE OR GINGLYMUS JOINTS
- PIVOT OR TRICHOID JOINTS
65HINGE OR GINGLYMUS JOINTS
- ELBOW
- KNEE
- PHALANGES OF FINGERS AND TOES
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67 ELBOW
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69KNEE
70PIVOT OR TRICHOID BONE
- ATLAS AND AXIS
- PROXIMAL ARTICULATION BETWEEN RADIUS AND ULNA
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76BIAXIAL JOINTS
- CONDYLOID OR ELLIPSOID JOINTS
- SADDLE JOINTS
77CONDYLOD OR ELLIPSOID JOINTS
- ARTCULATIONS BETWEEN RADIUS AND CARPALS
- OCCIPITAL CONDYLES ON ATLAS
- METACAPOPHALANGEAL JOINTS
- METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINTS
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79RADIAL-CARPAL
80OCCIPITAL CONDYLES - ATLAS
81METACARPAL-PHALANGEAL JOINT
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84SADDLE JOINTS
- CARPOMETACARPAL JOINT OF THUMB
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89TRIAXIAL JOINT
- BALL AND SOCKET OR SPHEROID JOINTS
- SHOULDER AND HIP JOINTS
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93A SURVEY OF SELECTED JOINTS
94SHOULDER JOINT
- CORACOHUMERAL LIGAMENT
- GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENTS
- GLENOID LABRUM
- ROTATOR CUFF
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97ELBOW JOINT
- ULNAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
- RADIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
- ANNULAR LIGAMENT
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102HIP JOINT
- ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
- PUBOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
- ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
- ACETABULAR LABRUM
- LIGAMENTUM TERES (CAPITATE LIGAMENT)
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105KNEE
- PATELLAR LIGAMENT
- OBLIQUE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT
- ARCUATE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT
- MEDIAL AND LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
- MEDIAL AND LATERAL MENISCI
- ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS
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109ANKLE JOINT
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111CLINICAL CONDITIONS
112SPRAINS
- TWISTING OR OVERSTRETCHING OF A JOINT
- TEAR OR SEPARATION
- SLOW TO HEAL DUE TO LACK OF BLOOD SUPPLY
113 114DISLOCATION
- LUXATION
- BONES ARE DISPLACED
- SHOULDER, FINGERS AND THUMBS MOST COMMON
115DISLOCATION
116BURSITIS
- INFLAMATION OF BURSA
- ECESSIVE SYNOVIAL FLUID
- REDNESS, SWELLING AND PAIN
117TENDINITIS
- INFLAMMATION OF TENDON SHEATHS
- LOCALIZED TENDERNESS AND EXTREME PAIN WHEN JOINT
IS MOVED - WRISTS, ELBOW AND SHOULDER MOST OFTEN AFFECTED
118TENDONITIS OF ACHILLES
119TENDONITIS OF SUPRASPINATUS TENDON
120HERNIATED DISC
- RUPTURED DISC
- PRESSURE CAN CAUSE SERVERE PAIN
- CAN CAUSE NERVE DAMAGE
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122TORN MENSICI
123ARTHRITIS
- VARIETY OF TYPES
- PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES TO JOINT MEMBRANES, BONES OR
CARTILAGE
124RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- SEVERE FORM
- WOMEN MORE THAN MEN
- PANNUS
- DESTROYS JOINT
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131GOUTY ARTHRITIS
- SUDDEN SEVERE PAIN AND SWELLLING
- TOES, INSTEPS, HEELS, KNEES AND WRISTS
- MORE COMMON IN MALES
- INHERITED DEFECT
- INCREASED URIC ACID LEVELS FORM CRYSTALS
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136DEGENERATIVE OSTEOARTHRITIS
- PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF CARTILAGE
- MAY HAVE APPEARANCE OF BONE SPURS
137OSTEOARTHRITIS
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143SUPPURATIVE ARTHRITIS
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145ABNORMAL CURVATURES OF THE SPINE
- SCOLIOSIS
- KYPHOSIS
- LORDOSIS
146SCOLIOSIS
147SCOLIOSIS
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149KYPHOSIS
150KYPHOSIS
151LORDOSIS
152OSTEOPOROSIS
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154OSTEOMALACIA
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156RICKETS
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158PAGETS DISEASE
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161FRACTURE
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163STRESS FRACTURES
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165OSTEOMYELITIS
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170BONE CANCER
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172PITUITARY DWARFISM
173RUSSELL-SILVER SYNDROME
174ACHONDROPLASTIC DWARFISM
175 176ACHONDROPLASTIC DWARFISM
177GIGANTISM
178ACROMEGALY
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180 181 182TUBERCULOSIS OF BONE
183SCURVY
184TUBERCULOSIS IN JOINT
185METASTIC CALCIFICATION
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