??? Capsaicin:

1
? ? ? ??????????????
2
??? Capsaicin
3
(No Transcript)
4
???????

• ???????(Capsaicin),?????????????,??????,??????????
  ,???????????????
• ??????,????????????????????,??????????????????
• P.A. Bucholtz in 1816 first discovered that the
  pungent principle of peppers could be extracted
  from the macerated pods with organic solvents.

5
Capsaicin

• In 1878, the Hungarian medical scientist Endre
  Hogyes extracted capsaicin, which he called
  capsicol, and discovered that it stimulated the
  mucous membranes of the mouth and stomach and
  increased the secretion of gastric juices.
• Capsaicin was first synthesized in 1930 by E.
  Spath and F.S. Darling.

6
capsaicin ---a complex of related components
named capsaicinoids

• The major capsaicinoids that are contained in the
  crystalline extract and their percentages are
  capsaicin (69), dihydrocapsaicin (22), and
  three minor related components
  nordihydrocapsaicin (7), homocapsaicin (1), and
  homodihydrocapsaicin (1).

7
capsaicinoid

• The mildest capsaicinoid was nordihydrocapsaicin
  (NDHC), which was described as the "least
  irritating" and "fruity, sweet, and spicy."
• Next was homodihydrocapsaicin (HDHC), a compound
  described as "very irritating," and one that
  produced a "numbing burn" in the throat, which
  also was the most prolonged and difficult to
  rinse out.

8
Toxicity of Capsaicinoids

• T. Glinsukon, concluded that the acute toxicity
  of capsaicinoids as a food additive in mankind
  was neglible. If humans are about as sensitive as
  mice, the acute fatal toxicity dose for a 150
  pound person would be about thirteen grams of
  pure, crystalline capsaicinoids, which frankly,
  sounds high to us.
• I think that less than that would be lethal.
• A person of average weight would have to consume
  nearly a half gallon of the sauce to overdose and
  become unconscious.

9
???

• ?????????????,????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ???????,????????????,??????????

10
???????

• ?????????,??????????????????????????,???????
• ?????????????,????????????????
• ????????,???????????????????????????????????

11
commercial hot sauces

• But most people react very negatively to the
  super-hot sauces, experiencing severe burning and
  sometimes blistering of the mouth and tongue.
• Other immediate responses have included shortness
  of breath, fainting, nausea, and spontaneous
  vomiting.
• People should be very careful of commercial hot
  sauces that list oleoresin capsicum as an
  ingredient.

12
??????

• ??????
• ????
• ????????
• ????

13
excreted in urine within a few hours

• Aside from the above adverse effects, the
  super-hot sauce will not hurt you.
• "Comprehensive nutritional studies have not shown
  any adverse effects of chile or capsaicinoids
  even at ten times the maximum use levels," wrote
  the one worlds experts on capsaicin,
• But even if you do overindulge in capsaicinoids,
  do not worry, for they are quickly metabolized in
  the liver and excreted in urine within a few
  hours.

14
????????

• ?????????? ???????A?C?E?
• Capsaicin is an incredibly powerful and stable
  alkaloid , slightly soluble in water, but very
  soluble in alcohols, fats, and oils.
• ?????
• ?????1200?1500??????

15
?????????????

• ?????????????? ??????
• ??????????????,????????????????,?????????
  ???,????(????????)??????,?????
• Yoshioka et al?1995?????,????????????????

16
????????????????(?????)?????

• Yoshika et al.?1998??????,????????????????????????
  ????,?????????????????
• ????,????????????????(?????)?????,???????

17
????????????????????????

• Kawada et al. ?1986???????,??????????,????????????
  ,?????????????????????(???????????????????)?
• ???????????????????,?????????

18
??????????????

• Yoshioka et al. ?2000???????????????????????????
• ??????????,???????????????,??????
• ?????????????????
• ??????,??????????,?????????????????????????

19
??????????

• ????????,???????????????????????????????,????????
  ?????
• ???????????P?????????,?????????????????????
• ?????????????????,??????????

20
??????????????

• ??????????????
• ???????????????????????,?????????????,????????????
  ??

21
????????

• ??????????????????????,?????305.4????????
• 1494?,?????????????????Chauca???????capsaicin????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????

22
????????

• ?????????????????,???????????????,???????????
• ????????????????????????

23
???????

• ?????????????????,?????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????

24
?????????

• ???????????????????????????,???????????????????,??
  ????????
• ?????????????????????????????,??????????????????

25
??????????????

• ???????????????????????????????,???????????????
• ?????????????????????????

26
??????????????

• ?????????????????????
• ????????????????,?????????????????????

27
??????????

• 1998?Jensen-Jarolim???????????????????????????????
  ??????
• ????????,?????????????,???????????????

28
?????????????????

• ??????????????,???????????????????????indomethacin
  ??????????????????
• ????????????,??????
• ?????????????,???????
• ????????????

29
?????????

• ?1996?Suhr and Lee????????????????????
• 1998?Ernst?Barnes??????????????,?????????????????
  ?
• ????????????,???????????????
• ???????????10 ?????????,??????54 ?????

30
?????????????

• Balachandran, Sivaramkrishnan?????????????????????
  ???????????? ?????,?????????????????,???????????
  ?35,??????

31
?????????????

• ??1998?Park????????????,??????????????
• 1995?Morre???????????????????????
• ??????Caov-3????MCF-10A?????HL-60?????????HeLa???,
  ???????,??????,???DNA?????,????????

32
???????????

• ?????????,?????????????????,??????????????????????
  ,????????????????,?????????????????,????????????
• ??????????, P ?? (substance P) ???????????????????
  ???????????????????

33
??????????????

• 1996?Panossian??????????????????,????????????????
  ??????????????,????????????????????????,??????12-H
  ETE???,??????????????????,?????????????,?????????
• ???????????????????,??????????????

34
?????????????

• ????????????????????????
• 1982?Nagy?????????????????????????
• ???????????????(????)???,???????????????
• ???????????????,??P??, ??????????????
• P????????????,??????????????????????

35
??????????????

• ???????,?????????P????????????????,?????????
• P????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ,????????????????,??????????????????

36
???????????

• ?????????????????????????????,???????????,????????
  ??????????
• ??????????,????????????????,???????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ?????????????????,???????????????????????,????????
  ???,?????????????

37
??glyceryl trinitrate??????????

• ??????,?????????????????,??????????????,??????????
  ?
• ???????????????glyceryl trinitrate
  (GTN)?????????,??GTN???????,????????????

38
??????????????

• ????????????????,???????????????????????????
• ?????????????????,????? calcein
  ????????????,???????????

39
medical developments include the introduction of
capsaicin gels

• Heritage Consumer Products has released
  Eucalyptamint 2000 arthritis pain relieving gel
  that contains capsaicin and menthol.
• Another analgesic gel is Arthogesic, which claims
  to give temporary relief from minor muscle aches,
  joint arthritis, backache, bruises, strains, and
  sprains.

40
Capsaicin Gel

• Some manufacturers believe that the addition of
  herbal remedies assist the capsaicin.
• Sports Med and Arth DR utilize capsaicin plus
  glucosamine, raspberry leaf, valerian, and white
  willow bar.
• Capsaicin Gel has twice as much capsaicin as
  usual (0.05 rather than 0.025 percent) plus
  yucca, horsetail, chamomile, elder flower,
  peppermint oil, spearmint oil, aloe vera, and
  allantoin, a component of comfrey herb.

41
treating arthritis

• NatureWorks manufactures Swedish Bitters
  Capsaicin Cream, which contains capsaicin and
  Swedish Bitters extract for use in treating
  arthritis, backache, and pains in the muscles and
  joints.
• One company, Thione International, has been
  granted a U.S. Patent for its compositions for
  relief of the symptoms of arthritis.

42
Capsaicin is found only in chile peppers

• Capsaicin is found only in chile peppers and in
  no other plant, animal, or mineral.
• Detectable to the human taste buds to one part
  in one million, this powerful alkaloid is
  extracted from hot chiles as an oleoresin (thick
  oil) used in super-hot sauces and pepper sprays.
• The oleoresin is refined into a white crystalline
  powder that is so toxic that technicians can work
  with it only in clean rooms while clothed in
  protective suits with filtered air.