Emotions (Chapter 11)

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Emotions (Chapter 11)

• Lecture Outline
• Emotions and faces
• Physiology, cognition, and emotion
• Deception

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Three influences on emotions

• Physiological changes
• Cognitive processes
• Cultural influences

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The Face of Emotion

• Emotion has survival function
• e.g., anger and fear in the face of danger
• Ekmans neuro-cultural theory
• Seven universal facial expressions
• Two factors involvedFace muscle physiology and
  cultural variations
• Masking emotions

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Paul Ekman Facial Action Coding
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The Face of Emotion

• Importance of baby-parent facial expressions
• Facial feedback
• Facial muscles send messages to brain

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Emotion and the Brain

• Emotions appear to processed in the right
  hemisphere of the brain
• Experience of emotion
• Positive emotions in left hemisphere, approach
  responses
• Negative emotions in right hemisphere, avoidance
  responses
• Amygdala in brainstem Immediate emotional
  reactions
• What do you do when startled? Jump?
• Frontal lobe injury Anger management problems

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Emotion and Hormones

• Two hormones involved produced by adrenal gland
• Epinephrine and norepinephrine
• Produce state of arousal and alertness
• Released during many emotional states

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Does the Body Lie?

• Physiological measurement has been used to detect
  lies
• BP, HR, Skin conductance, respiration rate are
  assessed to a baseline of innocuous questions
• Significant questions slipped in Do
  physiological changes result?
• Why? It takes energy to inhibit responses and
  lie.
• Polygraphs are unreliable, result in too many
  false positives (innocent people fail because
  they are nervous about the accusation)

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Does the face lie? Is this person modeling
genuine warmth or concealed irritation?
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Emotional experience

• What comes first, cognition or emotion?
• Has anyone here told ghost stories in an old
  house? What happens?
• You can be afraid in a big empty house, and
  then begin thinking about frightening things
  happening Emotion causes cognition
• Someone can tell you stories in a big empty house
  and you end up afraid Cognition causes emotion
• Do you show fear in your facial expression? Do
  you eye an escape route? How do you control your
  fear?

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Field Experiment

• Go on a blind date
• Before going, eat three chocolate bars
• They are full of caffeine and sugar Results in
  a highly alert and emotionally aroused state
• How will you interpret this arousal?
• Is it attraction to the person you are with?
• Is it illness or anger?
• You make cognitive attributions about
  physiological states such as these