6.1 PERIODIC TABLE

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6.1 PERIODIC TABLE
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MEYER MENDELEEV (1869) Showed connection
between atomic mass properties.

• Mendeleev given credit (published first).
• Arranged by atomic mass.
• Found that properties repeated.
• Predicted existence properties
• of undiscovered elements.
• (Ex. Ge)
• Recognized discrepancies
• in properties. (Ex. Te I)

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EARLY PERIODIC TABLE
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MOSELY (1913) Discovered protons
(Atomic )

• Arranged elements by atomic .
• Saw clear pattern of periodic properties (problem
  of discrepancies solved).
• Periodic Law When elements are arranged by
  increasing atomic number, there is a periodic
  repetition of chemical
• physical properties.

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MODERN PERIODIC TABLEBoxes arranged by
increasing atomic

• Groups (families) vertical columns.
• Numbered by a b or 1-18
• Elements in the same group share similar
  properties (Ex. Na K both in 1a)
• Representative elements (Main Group)
• Belong to a groups
• (s p block)
• Wide range properties

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PERIODS - Horizontal Rows Show Energy Levels

• 7 periods on table
• Various properties
• Ex. Period 3 contains Na, Si, Cl, Ar
• (has 3 energy levels)

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QUIZ

• 1) Mendeleev arranged elements by increasing
  ______.
• 2) How are elements arranged on the modern
  periodic table?

• 3) Sodium and magnesium are in the same _____.
• 4) Li Na are in the same _____.
• 5) Which 2 elements have the most similar
  properties?
• Na Mg K Ar

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ELEMENT CLASSIFICATION 3 main typesMetals,
Nonmetals, Metalloids

• Separated by zigzag line
• Metals (Left of zigzag) (except H)
• Properties
• Shiny smooth (when clean)
• Ductile (can draw into wire)
• Malleable (hammer into sheets)
• Good conductors (heat electricity)
• Often react with acids

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GROUPS OF METALS

• 1a (1) alkali metals
• (red)
• (not H)
• Most reactive metals
• (Fr most active)
• 2a (2) alkaline earth metals
• (green)
• Very reactive

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TRANSITION ELEMENTS (Metals) d block b
groups or 3-12

• Ex. Au, Fe, Cu
• Many transition metal compounds are colorful

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INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS (Metals) f block,
2 bottom rows (blue)

• 1st row (Lanthanide series) (Lanthanoid)
• 2nd row (Actinide series) (Actinoid)

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QUIZ - METALSWHAT GROUP IS THIS?

• 1) Group 1a (1)
• 2) Group 2a (2)
• 3) Cu Ag are in this group.
• 4) Bottom 2 rows are in this group.
• 5) Uranium is in this series.
• 6) Sm Ce are in this series.
• 7) Most reactive metallic group.

• 8) Representative elements

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NONMETALS Right of zigzag HDay 2

• Properties
• Gases or brittle dull solids
• Only liquid is Br
• Poor conductors
• chlorine gas
• Groups
• 6a (16) chalcogens (oxygen gp.)
• 7a halogens (very reactive)
• 8a noble gases
• (inert, unreactive,
• full outer shell)

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NONMETALS - What group is this?

• 1) Group 6a (16)
• 2) Group 7a (17)
• 3) Group 8a (18)
• 4) Hydrogen is the only nonmetal placed with this
  group.
• 5) The most reactive nonmetal group.

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METALLOIDS (SEMI-METALS) Elements along
zigzag (not Al)

• Show properties of both metals nonmetals
• Ex. Si Ge shiny, semi-conductor, brittle
• Used in computer chips, etc.

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OTHER GROUPS NAMED FOR 1st ELEMENT

• Group 3a (13) Boron group
• Group 4a (14) Carbon group
• Group 5a (15) Nitrogen group
• Groups contain metals, nonmetals metalloids.

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QUIZ METAL, NONMETAL, METALLOID

• 1) Tell whether the following is a metal,
  nonmetal or metalloid?
• Sr Co P Sb Se
• m m nm ml nm

• 2) An element is smooth, shiny, conducts
  electricity well, reacts with acid.
• Which element is it?
• W Br As Ge
• Wmetal

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PROBLEMWhich element is this?

• 1) An element is a dull solid, brittle, and does
  not conduct electricity or react with acid.
• Which element gp.?
• Mg Ge S O
• S, chalcogens

• 2) An element is shiny, brittle, partly conducts
  electricity but does not react with acid.
• Zn Ge Kr I
• Ge, Group 4A (carbon gp.)

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Dmitri Mendeleev1834-1907
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THE END