REVIEW OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

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REVIEW OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
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SIMILE

• A comparison of two things using like, as than,
  or resembles.
• She is as beautiful as a sunrise.

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METAPHOR

• A direct comparison of two unlike things
• All the worlds a stage, and we are merely
  players.
• - William Shakespeare

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ONOMATOPOEIA

• Words that imitate the sound they are naming
• BUZZ

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PERSONIFICATION

• from Ninki
• by Shirley Jackson
• Ninki was by this time irritated beyond belief
  by the general air of incompetence exhibited in
  the kitchen, and she went into the living room
  and got Shax, who is extraordinarily lazy and
  never catches his own chipmunks, but who is, at
  least, a cat, and preferable, Ninki saw clearly,
  to a man with a gun.

• An animal given human-like qualities or an object
  given life-like qualities.

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ALLITERATION

• Consonant sounds repeated at the beginnings of
  words
• If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,
  how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?

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IMAGERY

• Language that appeals to the senses.
• Most images are visual, but they can also appeal
  to the senses of sound, touch, taste, or smell.

then with cracked hands that ached from labor in
the weekday weather . . . from Those Winter
Sundays
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SYMBOLISM

• Innocence
• Peace

• When a person, place, thing, or event that has
  meaning in itself also represents, or stands for,
  something else.

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Hyperbole

• Exaggeration often used for emphasis.
• Sarah Cynthia Sylvia Stout
• Would not take the garbage out!
• And so it piled up to the ceilings
• Coffee grounds, potato peelings,
• Brown bananas, rotten peas,
• Chunks of sour cottage cheese.
• It filled the can, it covered the floor,
• It cracked the window, it blocked the door
• 
  -Shel Silverstein

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Allusion

• Allusion comes from the verb allude which means
  to refer to
• An allusion is a reference to something famous.

• A tunnel walled and overlaid
• With dazzling crystal we had read
• Of rare Aladdins wondrous cave,
• And to our own his name we gave.
• From Snowbound
• John Greenleaf Whittier

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OXYMORON

• figure of speech in which two terms appear to
  contradict each other.
• deafening silence
• "I must be cruel only to be kind -HAMLET

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POETRY TERMS
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POETRY FORM

• LINE - a group of words together on one line of
  the poem
• STANZA - a group of lines arranged together
• COUPLET- a two line stanza

• A word is dead
• When it is said,
• Some say.
• I say it just
• Begins to live
• That day.

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RHYME

• Words sound alike because they share the same
  ending vowel and consonant sounds.
• (A word always rhymes with itself.)

• LAMP
• STAMP
• Share the short a vowel sound
• Share the combined mp consonant sound

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REFRAIN

• a repeated part of a poem, particularly when it
  comes either at the end of a stanza or between
  two stanzas

• Quoth the raven, Nevermore.

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BLANK VERSE

• Unrhymed iambic pentameter

Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow, Creeps in
this petty pace from day to day, To the last
syllable of recorded time And all our yesterdays
have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Out,
out, brief candle! -Shakespeares Macbeth
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SOME TYPES OF POETRY
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NARRATIVE POEMS

• A poem that tells a story.
• Generally longer than the lyric styles of poetry
  b/c the poet needs to establish characters and a
  plot.

• Examples of Narrative Poems
• The Lady of Shiloh
• The Raven
• Casey at the Bat

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BALLAD

• Narrative poem (often sad) usually written in
  four-line stanzas to be sung often employing
  repetition of a refrain
• Rhyme scheme ABCB DEFE GHIH etc.

Examples in Text Get Up and Bar the
Door Barbara Allan
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BALLAD from Bold Robin Hood,

• Bold Robin Hood ranged the forest all round,   
  The forest all round rang'd he, And there did he
  meet with a gay lady,    Come weeping along the
  highway.
• Oh why do you weep my gay lady?    Why do you
  weep for gold or for fee? Oh why do you weep for
  anything else,    That was taken from any body.
• I do not weep for gold, she said,    Nor do I
  weep for any fee, Nor do I weep for any thing
  else,    That was stolen from any body.
• Then why do you weep? said jolly Robin,    I
  pray thee come tell unto me, Why do I weep? for
  my three sons,    For they're all condemned to
  die.

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LYRIC

• Written from singular point of view
• Expresses observations feelings
• Does not tell a story and is often musical
• 2 types of lyric poetry elegy sonnet

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ELEGY

• Solemn formal lyric about death which may
  mourn a particular person or reflect on a serious
  or tragic theme like the passing away of youth,
  beauty, or a way of life.
• Example in Text
• Thomas Grays
• Elegy written in a Country Courtyard

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ENGLISH SONNET

• Shall I compare thee to a summers day?
• Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
• Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
• And summers lease hath all too short a date.
• Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,
• And often is his gold complexion dimmed
• And every fair from fair sometimes declines,
• By chance or natures changing course untrimmed.
• But thy eternal summer shall not fade
• Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst
• Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade,
• When in eternal lines to time thou growst
• So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
• So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

• A fourteen line poem with a specific rhyme
  scheme.
• The first 12 lines set up a situation, and the
  ending couplet resolves or comments upon it
• The rhyme scheme is
• abab cdcd efef gg