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Section 1-5
The Asian Migration to America

• Scientists are unsure when the first people came
  to America,
• -but scientific speculation points to between
  15,000 and 30,000 years ago.

(pages 1213)
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Section 1-7
The Asian Migration to America (cont.)

• This period is called the Ice Age.

• Ocean levels dropped, exposing an area of dry
  land.
• Scientists believe that people from Asia crossed
  this land bridge as they hunted large animals
  about 15,000 years ago or even earlier.
• Name of the land bridge?

(pages 1213)
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Section 1-8

• These people were probably nomads, people who
  continually moved from place to place.
• -a theory expanded on by Diamonds Guns, Germs,
  and Steel
• -

(pages 1213)
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• Status of European Communities
• -Agricultural society with many new advances in
  farming technology
• -Feudal system divided land into small areas
  owned by landlords.
• -Peasants paid tribute and performed labor.
• -Harsh living conditions famine prevalent.
• -Plague wiped out one-third of Europe's
  population, 13471353.

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• European expansion due to
• (1) population increase and commercial growth
• (2) Western European states emerged with monarchs
  as centers of power
• need to be better than the rest
• (3) need to reach the riches of Asia
• (4) resulted from the development of the
  Renaissance

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• Intellectual and artistic developments in Europe
• The Crusades stimulated Italian trade with Asia.
• Compass, gunpowder, movable type were introduced
  to Europe.
• Muslims reintroduced Greek and Roman learning to
  Europeans.
• -Humanism revolt against religious authority in
  which the secular took precedence over the pure
  religious
• -Inquisitive and acquisitive spirit of
  Renaissance helped motivate exploration.

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Section 2-21

• European Explorers
• Henry the Navigator set up a center for
  astronomical and geographical studiesin Portugal
  in 1419.

• In 1488 (Portugal) Bartolomeu Dias reached the
  southern tip of Africa.
• 1497 (Portugal) Vasco da Gama sailed around
  Africa and across to India.

(pages 2021)
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Section 3-5

• 1st Europeans to arrive in the Americas were the
  Norse, or Vikings

European Explorers
-Around A.D. 1000 Leif Ericsson explored and
stayed the winter in Newfoundland. -Viking
attempts to settle permanently in the Americas
failed -mainly because Native Americans opposed
them.
(pages 2425)
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Section 3-7
Columbuss Plan

• In the mid-1400s, Christopher Columbus, an
  Italian navigator, became interested in sailing
  across the Atlantic.
• However, there were some problems with his plan.

(page 25)
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Section 3-8

• Christopher Columbus miscalculated the distance
  from Spain to India.
• Columbus couldnt get help from the rulers of
  England, Portugal, France for an expedition.
• In 1492 Spains King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
  finally agreed to finance Columbuss expedition.

(page 25)
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Section 3-10
Columbuss Explorations

• Columbus and his three ships left Spain in August
  1492. Ship names?

• After a long, frightening trip across the
  Atlantic Ocean, they landed in the Bahamas,
  probably on what is today San Salvador Island.
• -He called those he met Indians.

(pages 2526)
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Section 3-16
Continuing Expeditions

• Even though Columbus founded the new world, it
  was not named after
• The Americas were named after Amerigo Vespucci,
  an Italian who repeated Columbuss voyages in
  1499 and 1501
• also discovered that this large landmass could
  not be part of Asia.

(pages 2627)
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Section 3-17

• Juan Ponce de Leon, (Spanish), discovered Florida
  in 1513.

• In 1513 Vasco de Balboa the first European to
  see the Pacific Ocean.
• In 1520 Ferdinand Magellan first person to sail
  to the tip of South America also first to sail
  around the world.

(pages 2627)
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Section 4-10
Spain sends explorers

• The people who led the expeditions became known
  as conquistadors, or conquerors.
• One conquistador, Francisco Pizarro, explored
  Peru and conquered the Inca Empire.

(pages 3233)
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Section 4-11a

• In 1540 Francisco Vásquez de Coronado explored
  the southwestern United States.

• Hernando de Soto led an expedition and explored
  the area north of Florida.
• -They were the first Europeans to see the
  Mississippi River.

(pages 3233)
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• English Efforts at Colonization
• English Sea Dogs raided Spanish New World
  fleets.
• Rivalry with Spain led Queen Elizabeth I to found
  colonies.
• Colonies could provide bases to raid the Spanish,
  free England from reliance on trade with Asia,
  and provide a home for the homeless.

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• Some colonization efforts failed including
  expeditions to Newfoundland and Roanoke.
• Spain became angry that the English were taking
  territory that had been set aside by the pope for
  Catholics.
• Spanish Armada defeated by English fleet in 1588,
  halting Spanish monopoly on Americas.

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• Exchanges between Old and New Worlds occurred
• European diseases decimated Indian populations.
• American precious metals
• American crops to Europe- corn, potatoes, cotton,
  chocolate, tobacco
• European crops to America- wheat, sugar, rice,
  horses, cattle

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• Impact of interaction
• The population of Mexico fell from 25 million in
  1519 to one million a century later.
• By the 20th century, native population had fallen
  by 90.
• Virgin Soil Epidemics
• Diseases were the greatest killer of Indians

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Map The Invasion of America Who participated in
the invasion of Americas? Where did they go?
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MAP 2.3 European Exploration, 14921591 By the
mid-sixteenth century, Europeans had explored
most of the Atlantic coast of North America and
penetrated into the interior in the disastrous
expeditions of de Soto and Coronado.
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Chapter Summary 1
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Chapter Assessment 4
Reviewing Key Facts
How did Asians migrate to the Americas during the
Ice Age?
Asians came to America by crossing the land
bridge, an area now submerged and known as the
Bering Strait, on foot.
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Chapter Assessment 6
Reviewing Key Facts (cont.)
Why were Europeans searching fora sea route to
Asia?
The collapse of the Mongol empire resulted in
reduced trade with Asia, while the demand for
Asian luxury goods remained high. Europeans
thought a sea route to Asia would increase trade.
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Chapter Assessment 10
Critical Thinking (cont.)
Forming an Opinion If you had been King
Ferdinand or Queen Isabella, would you have
agreed to support Christopher Columbuss voyages
to the Americas? Why or why not?
Answers will vary.
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Chapter Assessment 14
Directions Choose the best answer to the
following question.
The Treaty of Tordesillas resolved differences
between A Spain and France. B Spain and
Portugal. C Portugal and England. D France and
Portugal.
Test-Taking Tip In addition to thinking about
what the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas
was, you can use the process of elimination to
help answer this question. Which country listed
in the answer choices was not discussed in this
chapter?
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Daily Focus Skills Transparency 2
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Daily Focus Skills Transparency 3
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Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4
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End of Slide Show