The Cognitive and Computational Self: From Cognitive Psychology to AI

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The Cognitive and Computational Self From
Cognitive Psychology to AI
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Information Processing Model
Adpated from Wickens (1984 and 1992)
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Norbert Wiener (1894-1964)
Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the
Animal and the Machine (1948)
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CYBERNETICS- Science of Control and Communication

• From Greek root meaning Steersman
• System with goal-directed action (e.g. missile
  getting to a target), a movement controlled by
  negative feedback (correct the flight path of
  missile).
• Model that holds for both animal and machine the
  mechanical and organic.

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Harvards Mark III Electromechanical
Computer electric brain
JANUARY 1950
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Hixon Symposium on the Cerebral Mechanisms of
Behavior (1948)
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Hixon Symposium Presentations
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Rat Mazes
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• we assert that the central office itself is
  far more like a map control room than it is like
  an old-fashioned telephone exchange. The stimuli,
  which are allowed in, are not connected by just
  simple one-to-one switches to the outgoing
  responses. Rather, the incoming impulses are
  usually worked over and elaborated in the central
  control room into a tentative, cognitive-like map
  of the environment.
• Edward Tolman Cognitive Maps in Rats Men 1948
  Taught at UC Berkeley

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(No Transcript)
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1956 Symposium on Information Theory, MIT

• Millers Magical Number 7 Chunking phenomenon
  of short-term memory (7 units /- 2)
• Chomskys generative grammar language as series
  of transformations
• Newell SimonGeneral Problem Solver Logic
  Theory Machine to prove theorems (early
  contribution to Artificial Intelligence)
• Jerome Brunerconcept formation

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Noam Chomsky (1928-
Syntactic Structures (1957)
Review of Skinners 1957 Verbal Behavior (1959)
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• I now believe that mind is something more than
  a four letter, Anglo-Saxon wordhuman minds
  exist, and it is our job as psychologists to
  study them.
• George Miller
  (1962)

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TOTE unit Miller, Galanter, Pribram (1960)
FEEDBACK LOOPS
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Center for Cognitive StudiesHarvard (founded
1960)
Jerome Bruner The Study of Thinking (1956)
George A. Miller
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• The Center for Cognitive Studies is concerned
  with how information is stored, processed, and
  communicatedboth by human beings and by the
  devices human beings invent in order to cope with
  information.
• (Bruner and Miller, 1960)

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GREGORY BATESON (1904-1980)
DOUBLE BIND HYPOTHESIS Schizophrenia as a
product of disordered communication in family
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Jerry Fodor (1935-
(1983)
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Parallel Distributed Processing Connectionism- Neu
ral Network theories
David Rumelhart and James McClelland
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Parallel Distributed Processing(1986)
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Rumelhart and McClleland, Network for
Recognition of letters and Words
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Stanley Kubricks 1968 film 2001
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Philip K. Dick
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (1968)
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BLADE RUNNER (1982)
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(No Transcript)
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Hiroshi Ishiguro builds his android twin
Geminoid HI-1
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by Robert Sternberg,Third Edition (2003)