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(preventive medicine)

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Title: PowerPoint Author: hb Last modified by: User Created Date: 12/15/2003 3:11:12 PM Document presentation format: – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: (preventive medicine)


1
???? (preventive medicine)

2
? ?
3
?? ???????????????
4
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????
??
????
????
????
?????
????
??
????????
?????????
?????????
??????????
7
  • ????????????
  • ?? 1.?????????????????????
  • ?? 2.?????????????????????????????
  • ?? 3.????????????????????

8
?????????
????(preventive medicine)
???--??--?????,??????????,??????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????,?????????
????????????????? ?????,?????????,???????????,?
?????????????????
9
??2
????
????
??
??????????,?????????????,?????????????,??????????
? ??
10
??????-??-?? ???????????????? ??????,?????????
?
???????
11
???????
  • ??????
  • ??????
  • ??????

12
  • ?????????

?? ??
???????(????) ???????????? ???????????????
???????(????) ?????????? ??????????????????????????
13
  • ????????
  • ?? ????????????????????????
  • ?? ??????????????????????????????????????
  • ?? ?????????????????????????,????????????????,??
    ?????(New Public Health)-Kichbusch I.

14
????????????
  • ???????
  • ?????
  • ?? ????
  • ?? ????
  • ?? ????
  • ?? ????
  • ?? ?????

????????? ????? ????????
???
(???????????)
15
????,????
??????
16
  • ??? .????????
  • ??(health)?????????????????????(well-being)??????
    ????????
  • ???????
  • ??-????
  • ???????????

17
(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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  • ??????(determinants of health)
  • ????????
  • ????????????????
  • ????????????????????????????????

20
  • ???????
  • (health ecological model)
  • ?? ???????????????????????????????????????????,???
    ?????????????,??????????????????????

21
??? ?????????????
22
  • ??????
  • ????????
  • ???????
  • ????????
  • ???????????
  • ????
  • ??????

23
????? (natural history of disease) ?????????(?????
?)????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????,???????????
???? ?? ????,???????????????,??????????? ??
???,???????????????????
24
????
25
(No Transcript)
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?????
27
  • ?????
  • ?? ???????,?????????????,??????,????????
  • ?? ????????????,?????????????,????????,???????????
    ???,??????????????

28
  • ?????????
  • ?? ????????,???????????

29
  • ????????
  • (life course approach to health)
  • ?? ?????????????(??????????????????????????),???
    ???????????????(?????????????)?????????????

30
  • The doctor of the future.
  • ?? Will interest his patient in the care of the
    human frame, in diet and in the prevention of
    disease.

31
(No Transcript)
32
???????????????? (?)???????? ??????????????????,??
????,????? (?)??????????????? ??????
33
???
? ? ? ?
Environment and human
34
??
??????????????? ???????????????
??
35
  • ??????????
  • ????????
  • ?????

36
  • ??? ??????????
  • ??( environment )
  • ??????????????????

???????????????????
37
  • ?????
  • ???????????????????
  • ????(natural environment)


??? ??? ?? ???
?????????? ?????
????
38
  • ????(social environment)
  • ????(primary environment)?????
  • ??,???????????????
  • ????????????
  • ???????????????????
  • (biogeochemical disease)??????
  • ????.
  • ???????????????????
  • ?????

39
  • ????(secondary environment)????????????????

40
?? ?? ?? ?? ??
????
????
????
? ?
????
???
??
????
????
????
??????????
41
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
  • Biological
  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Protozoan
  • Chemical
  • Solvents
  • Metals
  • Toxic compounds
  • Pesticides
  • Physical
  • Noise
  • Radiation
  • Heat / cold
  • Vibration

42
?????????????????????????????? (?)????(Biological
factor)
  • ???
  • ???
  • ???
  • ??
  • ????

?????????????????
  • ???????????
  • ???????????
  • HIV?????????????-??????

43
(?)????(Chemical factor) ?????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????,???,?????
????(????????????)-????????
  • ????SOx
  • ????NOx
  • ????CO
  • ??
  • ?????CHx
  • ??????Pb,Mn
  • ???B(a)P

44
????????environmental endocrine disruptors
  • ??(USEPA)????????????????????????????????
  • ??
  • ???(???????)?????(?????????)
  • ????
  • ?????(Environmental estrogens, EEs)
  • ??????(Xenoestrogens, XEs)
  • ????????(Environmental endocrine disruptors, EEDs)

45
(?)????(Physical factor) ?????????????????????
????
????????????? ??????
??????????????? ?????????
???? ????
  • ????X?????
  • ??????????????????????????????
  • ?????

46
(?)????(Social psychological factor)
????????????????????????
???? ???? ???? ???? ????
??
????
47
????(????)
48
? ? ?
????????????????,??????
??????
??????????????
??????(biomagnification)?????????????????????????
,??????????????.
49
  • ????????????????????
  • ???????????
  • ??????????
  • ???????
  • ????????
  • ????????,??????????????


50
DDT ????????? ???? ?????(PPM )
???? ??
5.00?10-5 ???? 4.00?10-2
8.00?102 ??
2.07
4.14?104 ??? 75.50
1.51?106
ppm part per million ???? ppb part per
billion ???? ppt part per trillion ????
51
  • ????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????

52
  • ?????????

???????????????????? ?????????????? ??,???????(env
ironmental Genome project,EGP)????????? ????????,
??????????? ?????????
?. ????????????
???????????????
53
??? ??????????
????(environmental pollution) ??????????,??????,?
??????????,??????,???????????????? ???(public
nuisance disease) ???????????????????????
54
(No Transcript)
55
?????
  • ??????????????
  • ??????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????,???????????
  • ????????????,????????????,??????????

56
(No Transcript)
57
  • ?????????
  • ?????
  • ?????
  • ????????
  • ????

58
(?) ?????(Productive pollutant)
1.??????? 2.???????? 3.?????????
??960????? ???,????200??,??1000?/
??????(????????)? ??????????????????
59
(?) ?????(Domestic pollutant )
???????????
??????,??????? ??????????
??????????????1999?????11
?????????????? ???????????????
?????
60
(?)???????(Other pollutant )
  • ????
  • ????
  • ???
  • ?????
  • ????

61
??????????????
?????????
????
??
??
??????
??
??
?????
??
???
????
???
?
62
  • ????????????????
  • ????
  • ????
  • ????
  • ?????????????????

63
????????????
?????????????? 1?????????????,??????????????????
A???????????,????????????????? B????????????? 2??
? ???? ????????????????????
64
???? functional accumulation ???????????????????
????,??????????????,???????????,????????????,?????
???
65
  • ?????????????????
  • ??????????????,???????,??????(????????)????
  • ??DDT???PCBS,???????????????

66
  • ??
  • ???????lt60000??????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????,???????????????
  • ???????PH??
  • ???????????????,???????????
  • ?????????????
  • ??????????????????????

67
  • ??????(?????)
  • ?????????????????????????????????????,?????????
    ??????????,??????

68
????
?????
?????
???
??(????)
????
??
?
????
??
????
???
69
???????
????( lethal dose ) ???????(absolute lethal dose)
LD100 ? ?????? (minial lethal dose) LD01 ???????
(maximal tolerance dose) LD0 ??????? (median
lethal dose) LD50
70
  • ???????????(LOAEL)

?????????,??????????????????????(??????)??????????
?????????????????
  • ?????????(NOAEL)

????????,???????????????????????(??????)??????????
?????????????????
71
  • (?)???????????
  • ??????(environmental pathogenic
    factor)???????????????
  • ???????????,??????????????????????????
  • ????????????????,?????????????,????????
  • ???????????????

72
(?) ???????????
Health effect of environmental pathogenic factors
73
  • ????????????????

???
????
? ?
74
?????,?????? ?????????????????,??????????????????
?????,???????????????,?????????????
75
(1)???? (2)???? ??????????,???????? (3)????
76
  • ????(carcinogenesis)
  • ???,?????80?90???????,????????????????????5,???
    ?????????90?

77
(No Transcript)
78
?????????????????????(a)??p??????????????????????
?????????????? ?????????????????
???????????????,??????????????? ???????
EB??????????,??????????????????????
79
?????????????????????
????(???)????? ????(??)
????? ?
4-???????? ??
?????? ????
?? ???????
2-???N,N-?(2-???)-2-?? ??
? ???
?????????(???) ?
?????? ????
?????? ????
?????? ?
??? ?
?? ????
??????? ???????
???? ?
80
????
?????(teratogenesis) ???????????????? ?????
???????????????????????????
????DNA??????????????? ???????????????? ?????
????????????
????
81
????(spontaneous mutation ) ??
????(induced mutation)

??

?????
????(gene mutation )
??

???? ?????

??????? ?????(chromoseme
aberration )

???????
82
?????????
?????
83

?? ?????
?????? ?? ?? ??
???? ?? ??
?? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??
?? ?? ??
?? ??? ?? ??
??? ????
???? ?? ???? ??
??
84
  • ???????
  • ????10?
  • ????25
  • ????(?????????)65?

85
(No Transcript)
86
(No Transcript)
87
???? ??????????????????????????????? ??????????
X????????,???????????????????,??????1200m?11???,??
4????????????????,??7?????????????? ?????????????
??????,?????????????????19601962??,???????????????
?????19000???,?????
88
????????????????????????????????,??????????(?????B
2),???????? ?????????????????????????????
???????????????????,???????,???????? X???????????
?,?????????????????????????,????????????????????,?
???????,???????
89
  • ??
  • ??????(???????DNA)??????
  • ????????,????????,??????
  • ?????????????
  • ?????????????????????
  • ??????????
  • ????????????????????
  • ?????????????
  • ??????
  • ????
  • ???????
  • ??Ames??
  • DNA????

90
  • ????????
  • ????????????
  • ????????????????
  • ????????????????

91
???????
  • ???????????????????,???????????,??(?)????????????
    ??????

92
(?)???????????? ??? ??? ??? ???
93
????????? 1.???(public nuisance disease
) 2. ???(occupational disease) 3.
???(communicable disease) 4. ?????(foodborne
disease)
94
???????????
  • ????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????
  • ???????
  • ????????????SARS?????
  • ???????
  • ????????????
  • ????????????????
  • ?????

95
  • (?)?????????????????
  • ????????
  • 1?????????
  • 2?????????

96
  • ????
  • ?????????????,????????????????????????????????????
    ???,???????

97
??-??(dose-effect)?? ?????????????,?????????????
??????,?????-????????????????????????????????????
??-??(dose-response)?? ????????,???????????????
??,????????????????????????????????????????????,??
??????????
98
(No Transcript)
99
(No Transcript)
100
  • ??????????????,???????,????????????,????????,???
    ?????
  • ????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ,??????,???????,???????????, ?????????????????????
    ??????????????,??? ?????,?????????????????????????
    ??

101
  • ???????
  • ??????????????????????????????,??????
    ????????????????????,????????6-??????????,????????
    ???????????,?????????????,??? ???????????????

102
  • ?????????
  • ???????????,???????,????????????
  • ?????????????????????,?????? ???????
  • ?????????????????
  • ????????????? ??????
  • ??????????????????

103
????????????????????,??????????????,? ??? 1.????
?????????????????? 2.???? ???????????????????????
? 3.???? ?????????,??????????????? 4.????
????????????????????????????????????,?????????????
?
104
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