Title: (preventive medicine)
1???? (preventive medicine)
2? ?
3?? ???????????????
4(No Transcript)
5(No Transcript)
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7- ????????????
- ?? 1.?????????????????????
- ?? 2.?????????????????????????????
- ?? 3.????????????????????
8?????????
????(preventive medicine)
???--??--?????,??????????,??????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????,?????????
????????????????? ?????,?????????,???????????,?
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9??2
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10??????-??-?? ???????????????? ??????,?????????
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11???????
12?? ??
???????(????) ???????????? ???????????????
???????(????) ?????????? ??????????????????????????
13- ????????
- ?? ????????????????????????
- ?? ??????????????????????????????????????
- ?? ?????????????????????????,????????????????,??
?????(New Public Health)-Kichbusch I.
14????????????
- ???????
- ?????
- ?? ????
- ?? ????
- ?? ????
- ?? ????
- ?? ?????
????????? ????? ????????
???
(???????????)
15????,????
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16- ??? .????????
- ??(health)?????????????????????(well-being)??????
???????? - ???????
-
- ??-????
- ???????????
17(No Transcript)
18(No Transcript)
19- ??????(determinants of health)
- ????????
- ????????????????
- ????????????????????????????????
20- ???????
- (health ecological model)
- ?? ???????????????????????????????????????????,???
?????????????,??????????????????????
21??? ?????????????
22- ??????
- ????????
- ???????
- ????????
- ???????????
- ????
- ??????
23????? (natural history of disease) ?????????(?????
?)????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????,???????????
???? ?? ????,???????????????,??????????? ??
???,???????????????????
24????
25(No Transcript)
26?????
27- ?????
- ?? ???????,?????????????,??????,????????
- ?? ????????????,?????????????,????????,???????????
???,??????????????
28- ?????????
- ?? ????????,???????????
29- ????????
- (life course approach to health)
- ?? ?????????????(??????????????????????????),???
???????????????(?????????????)?????????????
30- The doctor of the future.
- ?? Will interest his patient in the care of the
human frame, in diet and in the prevention of
disease.
31(No Transcript)
32???????????????? (?)???????? ??????????????????,??
????,????? (?)??????????????? ??????
33???
? ? ? ?
Environment and human
34??
??????????????? ???????????????
??
35- ??????????
- ????????
- ?????
36- ??? ??????????
- ??( environment )
- ??????????????????
???????????????????
37- ?????
- ???????????????????
- ????(natural environment)
-
??? ??? ?? ???
?????????? ?????
????
38- ????(social environment)
- ????(primary environment)?????
- ??,???????????????
- ????????????
- ???????????????????
- (biogeochemical disease)??????
- ????.
- ???????????????????
- ?????
39- ????(secondary environment)????????????????
40?? ?? ?? ?? ??
????
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41ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
- Biological
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Protozoan
- Chemical
- Solvents
- Metals
- Toxic compounds
- Pesticides
- Physical
- Noise
- Radiation
- Heat / cold
- Vibration
42?????????????????????????????? (?)????(Biological
factor)
?????????????????
- ???????????
- ???????????
- HIV?????????????-??????
43(?)????(Chemical factor) ?????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????,???,?????
????(????????????)-????????
- ????SOx
- ????NOx
- ????CO
- ??
- ?????CHx
- ??????Pb,Mn
- ???B(a)P
44????????environmental endocrine disruptors
- ??(USEPA)????????????????????????????????
- ??
- ???(???????)?????(?????????)
- ????
- ?????(Environmental estrogens, EEs)
- ??????(Xenoestrogens, XEs)
- ????????(Environmental endocrine disruptors, EEDs)
45(?)????(Physical factor) ?????????????????????
????
????????????? ??????
??????????????? ?????????
???? ????
- ????X?????
- ??????????????????????????????
- ?????
46(?)????(Social psychological factor)
????????????????????????
???? ???? ???? ???? ????
??
????
47????(????)
48? ? ?
????????????????,??????
??????
??????????????
??????(biomagnification)?????????????????????????
,??????????????.
49- ????????????????????
- ???????????
- ??????????
- ???????
- ????????
- ????????,??????????????
50DDT ????????? ???? ?????(PPM )
???? ??
5.00?10-5 ???? 4.00?10-2
8.00?102 ??
2.07
4.14?104 ??? 75.50
1.51?106
ppm part per million ???? ppb part per
billion ???? ppt part per trillion ????
51- ????????
- ?????????????????????????????????????????
- ????????????????????????
-
52???????????????????? ?????????????? ??,???????(env
ironmental Genome project,EGP)????????? ????????,
??????????? ?????????
?. ????????????
???????????????
53??? ??????????
????(environmental pollution) ??????????,??????,?
??????????,??????,???????????????? ???(public
nuisance disease) ???????????????????????
54(No Transcript)
55?????
- ??????????????
- ??????????????
- ?????????????????????????????????,???????????
- ????????????,????????????,??????????
56(No Transcript)
57- ?????????
- ?????
- ?????
- ????????
-
- ????
-
58(?) ?????(Productive pollutant)
1.??????? 2.???????? 3.?????????
??960????? ???,????200??,??1000?/
??????(????????)? ??????????????????
59(?) ?????(Domestic pollutant )
???????????
??????,??????? ??????????
??????????????1999?????11
?????????????? ???????????????
?????
60(?)???????(Other pollutant )
61??????????????
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????
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62- ????????????????
- ????
- ????
- ????
- ?????????????????
63????????????
?????????????? 1?????????????,??????????????????
A???????????,????????????????? B????????????? 2??
? ???? ????????????????????
64???? functional accumulation ???????????????????
????,??????????????,???????????,????????????,?????
???
65- ?????????????????
- ??????????????,???????,??????(????????)????
- ??DDT???PCBS,???????????????
66- ???????lt60000??????????????????
- ??????????????????????????,???????????????
- ???????PH??
- ???????????????,???????????
- ?????????????
- ??????????????????????
67- ??????(?????)
- ?????????????????????????????????????,?????????
??????????,??????
68????
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??(????)
????
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????
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69???????
????( lethal dose ) ???????(absolute lethal dose)
LD100 ? ?????? (minial lethal dose) LD01 ???????
(maximal tolerance dose) LD0 ??????? (median
lethal dose) LD50
70?????????,??????????????????????(??????)??????????
?????????????????
????????,???????????????????????(??????)??????????
?????????????????
71- (?)???????????
- ??????(environmental pathogenic
factor)??????????????? - ???????????,??????????????????????????
- ????????????????,?????????????,????????
- ???????????????
72(?) ???????????
Health effect of environmental pathogenic factors
73???
????
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74?????,?????? ?????????????????,??????????????????
?????,???????????????,?????????????
75 (1)???? (2)???? ??????????,???????? (3)????
76-
- ????(carcinogenesis)
- ???,?????80?90???????,????????????????????5,???
?????????90?
77(No Transcript)
78?????????????????????(a)??p??????????????????????
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EB??????????,??????????????????????
79?????????????????????
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4-???????? ??
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2-???N,N-?(2-???)-2-?? ??
? ???
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???? ?
80????
?????(teratogenesis) ???????????????? ?????
???????????????????????????
????DNA??????????????? ???????????????? ?????
????????????
????
81 ????(spontaneous mutation ) ??
????(induced mutation)
??
?????
????(gene mutation )
??
???? ?????
??????? ?????(chromoseme
aberration )
???????
82?????????
?????
83 ?? ?????
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???? ?? ??
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84- ???????
- ????10?
- ????25
- ????(?????????)65?
85(No Transcript)
86(No Transcript)
87???? ??????????????????????????????? ??????????
X????????,???????????????????,??????1200m?11???,??
4????????????????,??7?????????????? ?????????????
??????,?????????????????19601962??,???????????????
?????19000???,?????
88????????????????????????????????,??????????(?????B
2),???????? ?????????????????????????????
???????????????????,???????,???????? X???????????
?,?????????????????????????,????????????????????,?
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89- ??
- ??????(???????DNA)??????
- ????????,????????,??????
- ?????????????
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- ???????
- ??Ames??
- DNA????
90- ????????????
- ????????????????
- ????????????????
91???????
- ???????????????????,???????????,??(?)????????????
??????
92(?)???????????? ??? ??? ??? ???
93????????? 1.???(public nuisance disease
) 2. ???(occupational disease) 3.
???(communicable disease) 4. ?????(foodborne
disease)
94???????????
- ????????
- ??????????????????????????????????????
- ??????????????
- ???????
- ????????????SARS?????
- ???????
- ????????????
- ????????????????
- ?????
95- (?)?????????????????
- ????????
- 1?????????
- 2?????????
96- ????
- ?????????????,????????????????????????????????????
???,???????
97??-??(dose-effect)?? ?????????????,?????????????
??????,?????-????????????????????????????????????
??-??(dose-response)?? ????????,???????????????
??,????????????????????????????????????????????,??
??????????
98(No Transcript)
99(No Transcript)
100- ??????????????,???????,????????????,????????,???
????? - ????????????????????????????????????????????????
,??????,???????,???????????, ?????????????????????
??????????????,??? ?????,?????????????????????????
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101- ???????
- ??????????????????????????????,??????
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102- ?????????
- ???????????,???????,????????????
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- ?????????????????
- ????????????? ??????
- ??????????????????
103????????????????????,??????????????,? ??? 1.????
?????????????????? 2.???? ???????????????????????
? 3.???? ?????????,??????????????? 4.????
????????????????????????????????????,?????????????
?
104THE END