Water Supply

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Water Supply Sanitation in Rural Armenia

• Armenian Women for Health and Healthy Environment
  
• Elena Manvelyan, MD. PhD
• Workshop on equitable access to water
• Paris, 5-6 July 2007

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Armenia
Area 29.750 sq. km Population
3.200.000 Capital Yerevan
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General Data

• 43.7 live in poverty
• 14.7 in utter poverty lt 1 USD per day
• Source IMF 2006, Country Report No. 06/239\
• 80 rural have no access to central sewage system
• Source OECD and country report, 2004
• About 7 of all infant deaths are attributed to
  diarrhea diseases in Armenia (NSS, 2006.)

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Problems

• Collapse of water supply systems especially in
  rural communities have resulted in inadequate and
  often unsanitary water supply
• The loss of water in Ararat province accounted
  for 73.5 in 2006
• Water providers still are not able to guarantee
  the implementation of the right to water for all,
  in particular for the poorest

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Problems

• The lack of sewage system in rural areas (more
  than 80) attributed to secondary drinking water
  contamination
• Sanitation sector has been neglected with the
  respect to investment and subsidies
• The lack of strategy and differentiation of
  tariffs to address the needs of marginalised and
  vulnerable individuals and groups

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Legal and Institutional Framework of Water and
Sanitation Services

• The Government developed an Integrated Water
  Resources Management Program /IWRMP/ in
  1999-2000. The program covered an assessment of
  water resources in Armenia and developed
  fundamental provisions of Armenians water
  policies
• Based on IWRMP Concept Paper for Reforming Water
  Resources and Water System Management in Armenia
  was approved by the RoA Government in 2001

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Legal and Institutional Framework of Water and
Sanitation Services

• Establishment of the State Committee of Water
  Resources (SCWR) in 2001
• Establishment of the Water Resources Management
  Agency . February 2001
• Adoption of a new Water Code. June 4, 2002

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Financing Water and Sanitation Services in Rural
Areas

• Subsidies and donations for the WSS can be
  allotted by the communities
• Appropriate sums are foreseen in the state budget
• Several loan projects were implemented during the
  last five years and are ongoing in the country
  The main loans are coming from The World Bank
  The International Development Association (IDA)
  United Nations Development Program (UNDP) United
  States AID (USAID) the German Government through
  the KfW Ban

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Investment in rural areas(Ararat province)

• Water supply improvement activities in city
  Artashat
• and rural settlements with the support of
  USAID 2008-2009, ( 3mln) Asian Development Bank
  (some villages of Ararat province will be
  included in the investment program)
• At present the lack of dotations to support
  investments in water supply and sanitation in
  Ararat province

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Affordability for low income people

• Lack of reduced tariff for water supply and
  sanitation
• Lack of criteria for low income people to
  benefit from targeted aid
• The Government pays directly to the water
  companies for the electricity related to water
  supply

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Local Context the village of Hayanist

• 2440 inhabitants, 90 refugees
• High unemployment and/or low income
• Only 100 households are provided with safe
  drinking water supply
• Women overrepresented due to migration of men
• Waste water from toilets is disposed into the
  open drainage channels
• Usage of drainage water for irrigation
• High risk of soil and groundwater contamination

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Local Context the village of Hayanist

• Regularly flooded during spring
• A very bad condition of the school toilet (374
  pupils)
• Children infected by parasites

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Activities in frame of TMF project

• Parasitological investigation of schoolchildrens
  stool and treatment of infected children
• Designing and building of school ecotoilet for
  365 schoolchildren and 23 teachers
• Laying water pipes on in one district of village,
  providing 167 households with safe drinking water
  

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Conclusion

• Armenia aims at ensuring an access to drinking
  water for everyone, restoring the water supply
  service, supported by a legal framework
• However, water providers are still not able to
  guarantee the implementation of the right to
  water for all, in particular for the poorest
• Lack of transparency of the streams of financial
  assets assigned by the Government, Banks, Credit
  programs for the activities and development of
  this sphere

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Recommendations

• To improve water supply management in rural areas
  
• To provide an access to safe sanitation for rural
  population
• To implement alternative sanitation in the rural
  communities
• To push forward the adoption of the Law on
  Drinking Water (presently in process) and
  legislative acts
• To give more attention to and financing of
  sanitation

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Recommendations

• To raise awareness among the rural population
  about the efficient use of water resources
• To develop a strategy to address the needs of
  marginalised and vulnerable groups
• To implement differentiation of tariffs for
  different groups of consumers
• To obtain more finance for improvement water
  supply and sanitation
• To make more transparent the streams of financial
  assets assigned by the Government, Banks, Credit
  programs for the activities and development of
  this sphere

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We have to answer Is it realistic to achieve
MDG 7 goal?

• MDG 7 aims to halve by 2015 the proportion of
  people without sustainable access to safe
  drinking water and basic sanitations

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Water sampling
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Physical accessibility
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Hayanist Eco San Toilet