Accessible Images: From Creation to User

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Accessible ImagesFrom Creation to User

• Lucia Hasty
• Rocky Mountain Braille Associates
• Bryan Gould Geoff Freed
• WGBH National Center for Accessible Media
• Presented by the DIAGRAM Center

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1. Introduction
2. Lucia Hasty Tactile Graphics
3. Bryan Gould How to Write Descriptions
4. Geoff Freed User Experience
5. Request for Publisher Interviews
6. DIAGRAM at CSUN
7. Questions Answers

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Tactile Diagrams

• Also referred to as
• Tactile Graphics
• Raised line drawings
• Found in
• Braille Textbooks
• Braille Supplements and Stand-alones

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Production Methods

• Collage and/or tooling - Thermoform copy
• Microcapsule paper (Swell paper)
• Computer designed and embossed
• Commercial production (press braille resin, ink
  or powder deposit)

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Decision Tree for Tactile Graphics

• Is the information a repeat of facts in text?
• Would the information be more meaningful in text
  form?
• Does the graphic require the reader to use visual
  discrimination or visual perception?
• If yes, do not produce a tactile graphic.

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Would be more meaningful in text form
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Decision Tree for Tactile Graphics

• Is the actual object unavailable to examine by
  touch?
• Does the reader need the information to
  participate in an activity, complete an
  assignment, understand the concept?
• If yes, produce a graphic

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Decision Tree for Tactile Graphics

• From
• BANA Guidelines and Standards for Tactile
  Graphics 2010
• Braille Authority of North America

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How to Write Descriptions

• The description author should consider three
  basic questions about each image in order to give
  effective and efficient description.
• Why is the image there?
• Who is the intended audience?
• If there is no description what will the viewer
  miss?

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Determine What To Describe

• Before describing an image, the description
  author must determine what on the page is already
  accessible and what is not accessible.
• What is text?
• Is the text accessible?
• Is the text navigable?
• What is an image?

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What To Describe
Activity Sidebar
Main Text
Image
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What To Describe
Title info
Text or Image of Text?
Image
Text or Image of Text?
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Recommendation is for a Tactile Diagram.
Resulting Alt Text A diagram shows the
circulation of oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood
through the heart and lungs.
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STEM Description Guidelines

• Four years of NSF-funded research produced
  guidelines for making STEM images accessible.
• STEM Science, Technology, Engineering and Math

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STEM Description Guidelines

• Brevity
• Data
• Clarity
• Drill-Down Organization
• Tables, Lists MathML

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Brevity Data Clarity Drill-Down
Organization Tables, Lists MathML
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PROSE  Recorded rate of violent crimes and
property crimes aggravated assault every 37
seconds, robbery every 1.2 minutes, forcible rape
every 5.8 minutes, murder and nonnegligent
manslaughter every 31.1 minutes, larceny-theft
every 5 seconds, burglary every 15 seconds, motor
vehicle theft every 29 seconds. 
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• MARK UP
• Recorded rate of violent crimes and property
  crimes
• aggravated assault every 37 seconds
• robbery every 1.2 minutes
• forcible rape every 5.8 minutes
• murder and nonnegligent manslaughter every 31.1
  minutes
• larceny-theft every 5 seconds
• burglary every 15 seconds
• motor vehicle theft every 29 seconds

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PROSE Recorded Rate of Property Crimes A line
chart shows the recorded rate of property crimes
1960 to 2007 including larceny theft, burglary
and motor vehicle theft. All property crimes
increased significantly from 1960 and peaked in
the early 1980s. Property crimes fell then rose
again over the next decade. Since the late 1980s
to 2007, property crime has been on a steady
decline, though still higher than in 1960. The
following data are approximate, with the year
followed by the crime rate. All Property
Crimes 1960 1,800, 1970 3,500, 1980 5,500, 1990
5,100, 2000 3,600, 2007 3,300. Larceny-theft
1960 1,000, 1970 2,200, 1980 3,300, 1990 3,200,
2000 2,500, 2007 2,300. Burglary 1960 600, 1970
1,100, 1980 1,600, 1990 1,300, 2000 700, 2007
700. Motor vehicle theft 1960 100, 1970 500,
1980 600, 1990 650, 2000 400, 2007 300.
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MARK UP Recorded Rate of Property Crimes A line
chart shows the recorded rate of property crimes
1960 to 2007 including larceny theft, burglary
and motor vehicle theft. All property crimes
increased significantly from 1960 and peaked in
the early 1980s. Property crimes fell then rose
again over the next decade. Since the late 1980s
to 2007, property crime has been on a steady
decline, though still higher than in 1960. The
following data are approximate, with the year
followed by the crime rate.
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2007
All Property Crimes 1,800 3,500 5,500 5,100 3,600 3,300
Larceny-theft 1,000 2,200 3,300 3,200 2,500 2,300
Burglary 600 1,100 1,600 1,300 700 700
Motor vehicle theft 100 500 600 650 400 300
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lttable border"1" align"center"gt ltcaptiongtRecorde
d Rate of Property Crimes lt/captiongt lttrgt ltth
scope"col"gtlt/tdgt ltth scope"col"gt1960lt/thgt ltth
scope"col"gt1970lt/thgt ltth scope"col"gt1980lt/thgt ltt
h scope"col"gt1990lt/thgt ltth scope"col"gt2000lt/thgt
ltth scope"col"gt2007lt/thgt lt/trgt lttrgt ltth
scope"row"gtAll Property Crimeslt/thgt lttdgt1,800lt/td
gt lttdgt3,500lt/tdgt lttdgt5,500lt/tdgt lttdgt5,100lt/tdgt lttd
gt3,600lt/tdgt lttdgt3,300lt/tdgt lt/trgt lttrgt ltth
scope"row"gtLarceny-theftlt/thgt lttdgt1,000lt/tdgt lttdgt
2,200lt/tdgt lttdgt3,300lt/tdgt lttdgt3,200lt/tdgt lttdgt2,500
lt/tdgt lttdgt2,300lt/tdgt lt/trgt
1960 1970 1980
All Property Crimes 1,800 3,500 5,500
Larceny-theft 1,000 2,200 3,300
Burglary 600 1,100 1,600
Motor vehicle theft 100 500 600
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Accessing image descriptions

• Image descriptions can be included in a variety
  of digital publications
• DTB, e-books, PDF, HTML
• through a variety of methods
• _at_alt, _at_longdesc, prodnote, describedby, visible
  text, hidden text

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Accessing image descriptions

• Not all description-delivery methods work on all
  devices
• Additional considerations
• while markup might be permitted in the
  description (depending on the authoring tool),
  the reader may not interpret the markup correctly
• plain text vs markup
• text vs TTS vs audio

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Accessing image descriptions

• Demonstration
• Read2go (http//read2go.org)
• iOS DTB reader w/built-in TTS
• PDF
• read with Windows screen reader
• HTML
• read with any screen reader

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Accessing image descriptions

• Different authoring applications permit different
  forms of image descriptions
• DTB Tobi, Dolphin Publisher, OpenOffice, Poet
• e-book and PDF InDesign, OpenOffice, Word
• HTML

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Accessing image descriptions

• DIAGRAM product matrices image-description
  support across many hardware/software devices
  http//diagramcenter.org

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• Request for Publisher Interviews!
• Help DIAGRAM create tools to help you increase
  efficiency of producing accessible images.
• Contact bryan_gould_at_wgbh.org

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DIAGRAM at CSUN

• February 25 March 2, 2013 San Diego
  http//www.csun.edu/cod/conference/2013
• 2/28 Born Accessible Inclusive Publishing
  with Larry Goldberg, George Kerscher, and Betsy
  Beaumon
• 3/1 Latest Developments in Math Accessibility
  with Dave Schleppenbach, Neil Soiffer, Ed
  Summers, and Anh Bui

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Contact Information

• Lucia Hasty
• Rocky Mountain Braille Associates
• Lucia_at_tactilegraphics.org
• Bryan Gould Geoff Freed
• WGBH National Center for Accessible Media
• bryan_gould_at_wgbh.org, geoff_freed_at_wgbh.org
• DIAGRAM Center
• Funded by Department of Education, Office of
  Special Education Programs (OSEP)
• diagramcenter.org