Chapter 27: Section 3

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Chapter 27 Section 3 THREE NATIONS ON THE ROAD
TO MODERNIZATION by Kate Y.

• What were the cause of the Islamic revolution in
  Iran?
• What economic policies have Egyptian leaders
  followed?
• How has Turkey progressed toward modernization?

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IRAN
Iran is the second largest country in Middle
East. It has the third-largest population and it
is a huge oil resources strategic location on the
Persian Gulf.
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IRANS LAND AND RESOURCES
Irans land is very dry and it made up of rugged
plateaus. Most Iranians live in the northeast
where rainfall is adequate for farming. Tehran,
the capital, is located in the fertile region.
Oil plays a very dominant role in Irans economy.
Iran is the third largest oil reserve in Middle
East and fourth largest in the world.
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THE PEOPLE OF IRAN
MOST IRANIANS ARE MUSLIMS AND SPEAK PERSAIN. IRAN
IS HOME TO MORE THAN DOZEN ETHNIC
GROUPS. -PERSIANS-ARMENIANS -BALUCHIS -KURDS
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IRANS MODERNIZATION
Iran improved the health care and
education. Government financed water projects and
new road and also encouraged industrial
growth. Gave women new rights, for example they
get to vote.
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ISLAMIC REVOLUTION
In 1979 supporters of Khomeini overthrew the
shah. They made Iran into a theocracy. Theocracy
is a government ruled by religious leaders. They
replaced secular courts with religious courts and
enforced Muslim traditions. Also new laws were
made. Women had to wear veils and western music
and movies were banned. Also revolutionaries held
52 American citizens hostage for more than a
year. Irans revolutionaries hoped to spark on
Islamic revolution that would sweep the Muslim
world.
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EGYPT
Nationalism helped shape modern Egypt
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EGPYT LAND AND PEOPLE

• largest population in middle east and raked
  third in the area
• Egypt is desert so about 95 of Egyptians live on
  just 5 of land
• Cities, towns, and villages border a narrow strip
  of land along Nile River
• 12 of Egypts people live in Cairo
• 40 of Egyptian people are farmers
• Nile Valley is Egypts greatest natural resources

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EGYPTS NASSERS POLICITES
Nassers goal was to expand farm output and end
economic dependence on the west by developing
Egypt's industries. Nasser financed the building
of Aswan High Dam. The dam allowed Egypt to
irrigate more farmland, Nile flooding, and
produce low-cost hydroelectric power for
factories and homes. The dam has an environmental
cost. The farmers have to buy chemicals for
fertilizing and the change in the Nile Rivers
water led to reduced fish in the Mediterranean
Sea.
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EGYPTS ECONOMIC PATTERNS
New industries were built, for example textile,
chemicals and steel. The government played a
major role in the economy. Also Hoshi Mubarak,
egypt's new president, focused on the countrys
economic ills. He tried to balance the need of
large population with the requirement to repay
Egypts foreign debts. Also in a bid to destroy
Egypts tourist industry a band of terrorists
brutally murdered 58 foreign tourist, including
women and children.
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TURKEY
Turkey links the Middle East and Europe together.
Ankara is its capital. Turkeys location gives
it control of the sea route that connects Black
Sea with Mediterranean Sea. Turkey joined the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
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THE LAND AND PEOPLE OF TURKEY

• There are no deserts and there are high plateaus
• The land varies from a tropical southern coast to
  cooler interior highlands.
• Crops are grown in this area for instance
  bananas, olives, wheat, and potatoes
• Turks take pride in their distinct language,
  culture and history.
• About 10 to 12 million Turkish people are Kurds.

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TURKEYS ECONOMIS PATTERNS
Turkey has one of the most balanced economies in
the Middle East. It has a mid of modern industry
and trade along with traditional agriculture.
Fertilization and new seed increased farmers food
out put. It has developed a number of industries,
automobile, manufacturing, textile, and food
processing.
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TURKEYS CHALLENGES
Despite progress toward modernization, turkey
faces many challenges. There population is
growing faster that the economys ability to
create new jobs. Also economic and political
crises have led to violence. Turkey has many
political parties and rivalry among them has
sometimes caused unrest. Also the government and
military have challenges in separation between
government and religion. The government has
banned some Islamic parties.
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THE END!!!!!!!!!
By Kate Y