Urbanization

1
Urbanization Part Two

• GGS 12
• Manuel/Sheppard

2
URBAN vs. RURAL
RURAL

• HAMLET
• Less than 100 people
• VILLAGE
• Between 100 and 1000 people
• Ex. Aylesford, Tatamagouche

3
URBAN
Statistics Canada considers any community with at
least 1000 people to be an urban community.

• TOWN
• Between 1000 and 10 000 people
• Ex. Windsor, Bridgewater
• CITY
• Over 10 000 people
• Ex. Truro, Dartmouth
• METROPOLIS or METROPOLITAIN AREA
• Over 100 000 people
• Ex. Halifax Regional Municipality

4

• MEGA-CITY or MEGALOPOLIS
• over 10 000 000 people
• Ex. Tokyo, Los Angeles, Mumbai
• CONURBATION
• formed when separate cities and their suburbs
  grow into each other, forming an even larger
  urban complex.
• Ex New York City, Washington, DC, Philadelphia,
  Baltimore, Boston. BosNyWash All together they
  hold over 40 million people.

5
Population Pressure Mexico City

• Watch the video and answer the questions
  distributed.

6
CAUSES OF URBAN GROWTH

• Two main avenues of urban growth
• Natural Increase
• Fueled by improved food supplies and medical
  care.
• Migration
• Caused by push factors forcing people out of the
  countryside, and pull factors drawing them into
  cities.

7
PUSH FACTORS leading to rural-urban migration in
developing countries

• Poverty and poor living conditions.
• Few job opportunities.
• Lack of educational opportunities.
• Medical facilities are rare.
• Most land is owned by landowners who pay low
  wages.

8
Migration PULL FACTORS to the City

• Excitement and Vitality
• Jobs
• Housing
• Entertainment
• Social Mobility and Power
• Specialization of Professions
• Schools
• Transportation
• Specialized Medical Care

9
CURRENT URBAN PROBLEMS

• Developing World
• Uncontrollable Growth
• Traffic and Congestion
• Air Pollution
• Sewer Systems and Water Pollution
• Only 35 of urban residents in developing world
  have satisfactory sanitation.
• About same percentage do not have safe drinking
  water.

10
Current World Problems

• Housing
• At least 1 billion people live in slums of
  central cities and in shantytowns in the
  outskirts of cities.
• Around 100 million people have no home at all.

11
Current World Problems

• The Developed World
• Rapid growth of cities that accompanied
  industrialization has mostly slowed or reversed.
• Many of the environmental problems have been
  reduced.
• Many major polluters have moved to developing
  countries.

12
Counterurbanization

• The process of people leaving cities to find a
  better lifestyle in the outer suburbs or rural
  areas.
• Most likely to occur in developed countries
  (MDCs).

13
PUSH FACTORS leading to Counterurbanization in
MDCs

• quiet living
• more living space
• cheaper land and homes
• freedom/privacy
• slower paced lifestyle
• better air quality
• smaller class sizes in schools
• outdoor entertainment, hiking,
• hunting, etc.