THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• Its Parts and Functions

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Gland Hormone Chart
Gland Hormone Destination Action
1. Hypothalamus
2. Pituitary Posterior Anterior Oxytocin Skip 3-4 lines
3. Thyroid
4. Parathyroid
5. Adrenal Medulla Cortex
6. Gonads Testes Ovaries
7. Pineal
8. Thymus
9. Pancreas Insulin Glucagon
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• The NERVOUS SYSTEM controls the body electrically
  via NERVE IMPULSES.
• The ENDOCRINE SYSTEM regulates the body
  chemically via HORMONES.

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What is a GLAND?

• It is an organ that develops a secretion which
  performs specific functions.

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The Endocrine System

• Is made up of ductless glands.
• Ductless means without tubes

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HORMONES

• Are chemical messengers formed from substances
  taken from the blood.
• They circulate throughout the body exert
  specific effects on tissues, organs or other
  glands located some distance away from the cells
  that secrete them.

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PINEAL POSTERIOR PITUITARY ANTERIOR
PITUITARY THYROID THYMUS ADRENALS PANCREAS OV
ARIES TESTIS (es)
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Pituitary Gland

• LOCATION
• found at the base of the brain
• DESCRIPTION
• called the master gland because it controls
  most of the other endocrine glands.

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The pituitary gland has two lobes The Anterior
and Posterior
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Hormones Secreted by the Posterior Pituitary
HORMONE TARGET TISSUES Destination FUNCTION Action
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Kidney Increases water reabsorption
2. Oxytocin -Uterus -Mammary Gland -Stimulates labor -Initiates milk ejection
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Hormones Released by the Anterior Pituitary
HORMONE TARGET TISSUES FUNCTION
1. Growth Hormone (GH) Most tissues Stimulates body growth
2. Thyroid- Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Thyroid Gland Stimulates release of T3 and T4
3. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Adernal Cortex Stimulates secretion of hormones from cortex
4. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Ovaries/Testis FEMALE -Promotes ovulation hormone production MALE Sperm production
5. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Follicles in ovary Seminiferous Tubules in Testis FEMALE egg production MALE - sperm production
6. Prolactin (PRL) Ovary Mammary Gland in females, testis in males Promotes lactation (low levels in males high levels affect testosteron levels)
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Thyroid Gland

• LOCATION at the base of the neck (just below the
  larynx
• DESCRIPTION soft, brownish-red organ shaped like
  a butterfly.

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Hormone Destination Action
T3 Triiodothyronine Most tissues Embryonic development body temperature, growth, heartrate
T4 Thyroxine Most tissues Increases metabolism, blood pressure regulates tissue growth
Calcitonin Primarily bone Bone growth
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Parathyroid Gland

• LOCATION attached to the back of the thyroid
  gland
• DESCRIPTION 2 pairs of pea-sized glands

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Parathyroid
Hormone Destination Action
Parathyroid Hormone (Parathormone) Bone kidney Increases blood calcium bone kidneys intestine
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Adrenal Glands

• LOCATION
• found above the kidneys
• DESCRIPTION
• cone-shaped glands

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Hormome Destination Action
MEDULLA MEDULLA MEDULLA
Epinephrine (aka adrenaline, the emergency hormone) Skeletal muscle Heart Blood vessels Bronchioles Short-term stress response increased BSL, vasoconstriction, increases heart rate, blood diversion
Norepinephrine Skeletal muscle Heart Blood vessels Bronchioles Short-term stress response increased BSL, vasoconstriction, increases heart rate, blood diversion
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Hormome Destination Action
CORTEX CORTEX CORTEX
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol) Mineralocorticoids Skeletal muscle Heart Blood vessels Kidneys Long-term stress response increased BSL, immune suppression
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Testes

• LOCATION
• near the penis
• DESCRIPTION
• pair of glands that functions to produce sperm
  cells.

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TESTES
Hormome Destination Action
Testosterone Many male tissues organs Secondary Sexual characteristics Body/Facial hair Muscle mass Voice Etc
Testosterone Testes Sperm production
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Ovaries

• LOCATION
• located on one side of the uterus
• DESCRIPTION
• pair of glands that functions to produce egg
  cells/ova.

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OVARIES
Hormome Destination Action
Estrogen Many female tissues organ 1. Secondary Sexual characteristics Breasts Widened hips Armpit/pubic hair 2. Menstrual cycle
Progesterone Uterus Menstrual cycle pregnancy
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Pineal Gland

• LOCATION
• found near the base of the brain
• DESCRIPTION
• outgrowth of the brain

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HORMONE DESTINATION ACTION
Melatonin Brain (hypothalamus) and many tissues / organs Regulates the biological clock, day/night cycle
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Thymus Gland

• LOCATION
• located in the upper part of the chest, below the
  neck
• DESCRIPTION
• consists of 2 lobes

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Hormone Destination Action
Thymosin Immune tissues Promotes immune system development function Development of T lymphocytes

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Pancreas

• LOCATION lies behind the stomach
• DESCRIPTION elongated tapers at one end

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Hormone Destination Action
Insulin Liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue Lowers blood sugar level
glucagon Liver Raises blood sugar level
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Diagram

• Your diagram should already be colored labeled
  and in notebook!
• Next to each gland, use a RED pen to
  identify the hormone(s) released

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Notebook Assignment

• Research ONE endocrine disorder. Identify
• Name of disorder
• Gland affected
• Description
• And
• Paste a PICTURE into notebook