Atoms, Matter

1
Atoms, Matter Molecules
2
Observations
Direct evidence obtained through use of the
senses.
3
Inference
A hypothesis, drawn from observations, that
attempts to explain or to make sense of the
observations
4
ATOM

• The smallest particle into which an element may
  be divided and still be the same substance.

5
ATOM

• The smallest part you can break Hydrogen (an
  element) into and still have Hydrogen.

6
Matter

• Anything that has mass and takes up space.
• Energy is NOT matter

7
Matter is divided into 4 components

• Elements
• Compounds
• Mixtures
• Solutions

8
ELEMENT

• All elements are on the Periodic Table
• All matter is made of an element or a combination
  of elements
• Hydrogen, Oxygen, Gold
• A substance that consists of only one kind of
  atom and that cannot be chemically separated into
  other substances.

9

• Elements
• E l e m e n t s c a n n o t b e
  c h a n g e d i n t o s i m p l e r
  s u b s t a n c e s b y a n
  y c h e m i c a l p r
  o c e s s .
• E l e m e n t s a r e m a d e u p
  o f a t o m s .

10

Elements

• simplest kind of matter
• Cannot be broken down into simpler
• All one kind of atom.
• There are 109 of these known to man

11
T y p e s o f m a t t e r

• C o m p o u n d s -
  
• P u r e s u b s t a n c e s m a d e
  u p o f m o r e t h a n o n e e l
  e m e n t .

12
Compounds

• substances that can be broken down by chemical
  methods
• When they are broken down, the pieces have
  completely different properties than the
  compound.
• Made of molecules- two or more atoms

13
Compounds

• They are pure substances put together by
  chemically combining elements

• Not all combinations of elements are compounds
  though some can be mixtures!

14
So remember

• ELEMENTS contain only one kind of atom
• There are 109 different kinds of elements
• 1-109 atomic of the elements.

15
Solutions

• S o l u t i o n s - A s p e c i a l m
  i x t u r e f o r m e d w h e n o
  n e s u b s t a n c e d i s s o l v e s i
  n a n o t h e r .

16
Solutions

• S o l v e n t - t h e m o s t
  a b u n d a n t s u b s t a n c e
  i n t h e s o l u t i o n .
  
• S o l u t e - t h e l e a s t
  a b u n d a n t s u b s t a n c e
  i n t h e s o l u t i o
  n .

17

• A l l s o l u t i o n s a r e n o t l i q
  u i d s
• A i r i s a s o l u t i o n
  o f g a s e s .
• S t e e l i s a s o l u t i o n
  o f m e t a l s .

18
Solutions

• Homogeneous mixture
• Mixed molecule by molecule
• Can occur between any state of matter.
• Solid in liquid- Kool-aid
• Liquid in liquid- antifreeze
• Gas in gas- air
• Solid in solid - brass
• Liquid in gas- water vapor

19
Solutions

• Like all mixtures, they keep the properties of
  the components.
• Can be separated by physical means
• Do not scatter light!
• Not easily separated-
• but can be separated.

20
Two techniques for separating solutions

• 1. Evaporation changing from a liquid to
  vapor state leaves behind the other component.

21

• 2. Distillation
• Process used to drive vapor from liquid by
  heating
• Great for separating two or more liquids which
  have different boiling points.

22
MIXTURE

• Matter that can be physically separated into
  component parts
• It is two or more kinds of matter that have
  separate identities because of their different
  properties.

23

• When different parts of a mixture can no longer
  be separated into simpler substances, we call
  each component a
• PURE SUBSTANCE

24
There are two types of mixtures

• Heterogeneous- mixture is not the same from place
  to place.
• Chocolate chip cookie, gravel, soil.

• Homogeneous- same composition throughout.
• Kool-aid, air.

• Every part keeps its properties.

25
Mixtures

• Matter that consists of two or more substances
  mixed together but not chemically combined or
  bonded.
• Examples concrete, Sea Water, a bag full of
  different colored marbles..

26
There are 2 types of Mixtures

• Homogenous Mixture a mixture that appears
  uniform throughout. (well mixed).
• Ex. Stainless Steel (Cr, Fe),

• Heterogeneous Mixture a mixture that does not
  appear the same throughout. (the individual
  substances are visible).
• Ex. Soil, Raisin Brand, Chicken Noodle Soup.

27
T y p e s o f m a t t e r

• P r o p e r t i e s o f M i x t u r e s
• E a c h s u b s t a n c e r e t a i n s
  i t s o w n p r o p e r t i e s .
• S u b s t a n c e s c a n b e
  p r e s e n t i n a n y a m o u n t .
  
• S u b s t a n c e s c a n b e
  s e p a r a t e d b y s i m p l e
  p h y s i c a l m e a n s.

28
Which is it?

• Element

29
Which is it?

• COMPOUND

• Water is a compound formed from two hydrogen
  atoms and one oxygen atom chemically combined.
  H20

30
Which is it?

• MIXTURE

31
Decide if the substance is an E l e m e n t ,
c o mp o u n d , m i x t u r e , o r s
o l u t i o n?
1. Water
1. Compound
2. Compound
2. Salt
3. Element
3. Oxygen
4. Mixture
4. Dirt
5. Solution
5. Air
Click Mouse button to see answers!
32
Decide if the substance is an E l e m e n t ,
c o mp o u n d , m i x t u r e , o r s
o l u t i o n?
6. Copper
6. Element
7. Solution/Mixture
7. Coke
8. Solution
8. Steel
9. Mixture
9. Rain
10. Mixture
10. Ice-cream
Click Mouse button to see answers!
33
What about MOLECULES?

• These are
• MULTI-ATOM particles

They are the smallest particle of a substance
that still retains the properties of that
substance and is composed of 2 or more atoms.
34
MOLECULE

• Particle of matter that is made up of two or more
  atoms.

35
MOLECULE

• The smallest part you can break water (a
  compound) into and still have water.

36
Particle Charge Location Mass
Proton nucleus heavy
Neutron 0 nucleus heavy
Electron - energy levels very light
37
Atomic Number

• The number of protons in the nucleus

38
Atomic Mass

• The number of protons PLUS the number of neutrons

39

• Atomic Number 17
• Chemical Symbol
• Element Name
• Atomic Mass 35
• Number of Neutrons 18

40
3rd Energy Level 18 Electrons
17 p
18 n0
2nd Energy level 8 Electrons
1st Energy Level 2 electrons
Bohr Diagram
41
(No Transcript)