The Periodic Table

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The Periodic Table

• A map of the building block of matter.

http//www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/periodic_
table.html
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Periodic Law

• Periodic Law
• Physical and chemical properties of the elements
  repeat in a regular pattern when they are
  arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

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Families or Groups Periods

• Families or groups go down columns of the
  periodic table.
• There are 18 columns that have similar
  characteristics and they have the following
  names.
• 1 alkaline earth metals 15 nitrogen group
• 2 alkali metals 16 chalcogens
• 3-12 transition metals 17 halogens
• 13 boron group 18 noble gases
• 14 carbon group
• Periods go across the periodic table.

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Directions of trendsIncrease Across Decrease
Down

• Electronegativity
• Ability to attract electrons
• Most electronegative atoms are in upper right
  corner of periodic table (fluorine)
• Thats why atoms on the right gain electrons
  they pull electrons from the metals on the left.

• Ionization Energy
• Energy required to remove an electron from an
  atom
• The nucleuss hold on its valence electrons

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Direction of trends increase-down a group
decrease across a period

• Atomic Radius
• Refers to size of an atom
• As you move across the period, the attraction
  between valence electrons and the nucleus is
  stronger resulting in smaller size

• Melting Boiling Points
• Temperature required to melt or boil an element.
• Metals increase as you go down a group decrease
  across a period.
• Nonmetals decrease down a group and increase
  across a period.

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Periodic Table Metallic arrangement

• Layout of the Periodic Table Metals vs.
  nonmetals

Nonmetals
Metals
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Reading the Periodic Table Classification
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Across the Periodic Table

• Periods Are arranged horizontally across the
  periodic table (rows 1-7)
• These elements have the same number of valence
  shells.

2nd Period
6th Period
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Down the Periodic Table

• Family Are arranged vertically down the periodic
  table (columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B)
• These elements have the same number electrons in
  the outer most shells, the valence shell.

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Infamous Families of the Periodic Table

• Notable families of the Periodic Table and some
  important members

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Important members - the Elements

• Individual members of selected Elements their
  characteristics

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Periodic Table Electron Behavior

• The periodic table can be classified by the
  behavior of the electrons

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Trend in Atomic Radius

• Atomic Radius
• The size of an atom is decreases as you move
  across a period and increases as you move down a
  family.

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Trend in Ionization Potential
Ionization potential The energy required to
remove the valence electron from an atom. It is
greatest in the upper right corner of the
periodic table because these atoms hold on to
their valence e- the tightest.
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Trend in Electron Affinity
Electron Affinity The energy released when an
electron is added to an atom. It is greatest in
the upper right corner of the periodic table as
these atoms have the greatest affinity for
electrons.
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Summary of Trends

• 1. Electron Configuration
• 2. Atomic Radius

3. Ionization Energy 4. Electron Affinity