Test 4

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Test 4
Physical Science PHS 101
Beiser Chapter 22, 23, 24, 27, 28 Chemistry
452 South Anderson Road Rock Hill, SC
29730 www.yorktech.com
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Stuff
Particle Charge Mass
     Proton   e 1.60 x 10-19 C 1 amu 1.673 x 10-27 kg
      Electron - e - 1.60 x 10-19 C 9.11 x 10-31 kg
     Neutron 0 1 amu 1.675 x 10-27 kg
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Rutherford Model
"It was quite the most incredible event that has
ever happened in my life. It was almost as
incredible as if you fired a 15-inch shell at a
piece of tissue paper and it came back and hit
you." - Ernest Rutherford
Expected
Actual
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Periodic Table
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Electron Shells

• Electrons travel around nucleus in shells
• Only so many electrons per shell
• Inner shells filled first
• Atom wants to have a full outer shell

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8
8
2
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Periodic Table
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Ionic Bonds
Beiser p.161
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Covalent Bonds
Beiser p.161
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Chemical Reactions
Beiser p.171
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24.10
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24.10 b
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24.18
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24.21
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Solutions

• Solubility how much solute will mix in a given
  amount of solvent
• Saturated 100 of the possible solute is in a
  solvent.

Beiser p.192
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Water
Beiser p.192
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Polar
Beiser p.192
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Dissociation
Beiser p.199
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Ions
Hydronium Ion
Hydroxide Ion
Beiser p.199
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Acids

• Acids are solutions containing more hydronium
  ions than hydroxide ions.
• The resulting electric
• charge is positive
• Acids taste sour.
• Litmus paper turns pink or
• pinkish red in an acid solution.

Beiser p.199
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Bases

• Bases are solutions containing more hydroxide
  ions than hydronium ions.
• The resulting electric charge is negative.
• Bases taste bitter and feel slippery.
• Litmus paper turns pale to medium blue in a basic
  solution. 

Beiser p.199
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pH

• Neutral solutions
• contain the same quantity of hydronium and
  hydroxide ions
• Neutral solutions are neither acidic nor basic
• As the relative number of hydronium ions increase
  
• the solution becomes more and more acidic
• the pH decreases toward zero.
• As the relative number of hydroxide ions increase
  
• the solution becomes more and more basic
• the pH increases toward 14.
• Another name for basic is alkaline.

Beiser p.199
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pH Scale
Beiser p.199