Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping Unit

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Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping Unit
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Food Security Situation in Cambodia

• Production
• National surplus since 1995
• Household within surplus communes over 20 of hh
  are chronically food insecure
• Access
• Low purchasing power
• Poor marketing system
• Utilization lack of food diversification

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Cambodia why some groups are chronically food
insecure? Some major reasons

• Commune/Household level production variations
  resulting in unequal access to food.
• Indebtedness requiring large rice repayments
  against current crop harvest
• Long term decline in common property resources
  (forestry, fisheries resources and land)
• Overall low level of income/wealth and lack of
  alternative income sources
• Structural Problems such as high pressure on land
  (small landholdings and insecure land tenure),
  low soil quality, high dependency on weather...

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Roles of WFP-VAM Unit

• Vulnerability Analysis Targeting food aid to the
  most needy people
• Support Monitoring and Evaluation
• Contingency Planning Yearly analysis/update of
  event/impact (floods, civil war, ) and WFP
  response
• Research on Food Security Issues 2000 Protracted
  emergency target population, forestry/common
  property resource issues, education sector,
  nutrition, urban poor
• Counterpart Capacity Building Inter-ministerial
  team for ME
• Support to other agencies Targeting poorest,
  analysis, information, ...

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Process undertaken to analyze Poverty

• Surveys Baseline surveys, PET, Gender survey,
  food security and nutrition surveillance, crop
  assessment, etc
• Secondary Data Sets Census 1998, SES, satellite
  data, HKI data sets, land use data, health and
  nutrition data, etc
• Staff/Govt. Inputs Field staff assessment in
  collaboration with government and development
  agencies
• Statistical Analysis Running analyses over data
  to generate specific indicators of poverty et al
• Spatial Analysis using GIS Statistical analysis
  incorporating a spatial component
• Outputs Clear identification of the food
  insecure and vulnerable regions of Cambodia,
  generation of reports

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Methodology for Targeting in 2001

• Socio-Economic Survey (3,000 households)
• Consumption Expenditure as explained by
• Household size
• Age of head of household
• Education level
• Proportion of elderly
• Widowed head of household
• Occupation of head of household
• Electricity source
• Water source
• Urban household

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Methodology for Targeting in 2001

• Census 98 (2.1 million households)
• Consumption Expenditure as explained by
• Household size
• Age of head of household
• Education level
• Proportion of elderly
• Widowed head of household
• Occupation of head of household
• Electricity source
• Water source
• Urban household

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Methodology for Targeting in 2001

• PREDICTED CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE
• for ALL 2.1 million Households
• in Cambodia

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Definition of Poor Household, 2001

• Poor household is defined as those with
  consumption expenditure below the 54,050 Riel per
  capita per month
• based on
• poverty line expenditure to afford 2,100 calorie
  food basket per day and minimal other basic
  expenditure

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Poverty Mapping 2000-CSES 99 and Census 98
Analysis Results
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Selection Process of Poor Communes

• 1) gt40 poor in 2000 analysis AND Poorest 25 in
  1997/98/99 Analyses
• 70 Communes-505,000 people
• 2) gt40 poor in 2000 analysis AND 25 poorest in
  1997 or 1998 analyses
• 198 communes-1,502,000 people
• 3) gt50 poor in 2000 analysis AND Not selected in
  1) or 2) above
• 90 communes-424,000 people
• Total 358 communes-2,431,000 people
• (20 of population as of March 2001)

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1997 Poverty Analysis

• Based on 27 indicators from a 2,751 village
  survey in
• pre-selected 550 poor communes.
• Lower then 50 score indicators commune in bottom
  20 of all communes in country

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Poverty Index 1997
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1998 Poverty Analysis

• Based on 5 high risk coping strategies and
• WFP provincial staff ranking indicator
• 41 of 180 districts were chosen

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Poverty Index 1998, High Priority District
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1999 Poverty Analysis

• Based on 5 indicators
• 4 or 5 (pink and red) indicate communes where 4
  or all 5 of the indicators were below national
  mean in that communes

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Poverty Index 1999
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Analysis of Poor Communes 2001
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Guideline for Field Staff Assessment of Poor
Communes

• Participation (government and other agencies, )
• Poor in agricultural production, market access,
  social service accessibility, ...
• Change in accessibility to common property
  resources
• High amount of rice and cash debts
• Existence of development agencies
• High exposure to landmine and access to
  alternative income generations
• Comparability of the assessment (national,
  provincial, )
• Potential for development in the areas

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Field Staff List of Poor Communes
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Field Staff List and Analysis Results
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Final WFP Targeting 2001
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Major Target Beneficiaries Groups

• Chronically food insecure population and those
  only recently emerging from long-term conflict
  and isolation
• Vulnerable households and individuals widows,
  orphans
• Disaster victims

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Major Outputs of Poverty Analyses

• Poverty index for 1,600 communes across 97, 98,
  99 and 00
• Specific outputs on poverty in forest dependent
  communes
• Analysis of primary education sector
• Gender analysis of poverty and decision making
  at community level
• Baseline survey of the poor in chronically poor
  areas and civil insecurity affected areas
• Link PPA to currently poor areas
• Food security and nutritional surveillance
  report (every four months)
• Analysis on fisheries dependent populations,
  AIDS affected, and Urban poor during 2001.
• Database linked to maps of all major poverty
  information in Cambodia

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THANK YOU
GrKuN