BRINKMANSHIP AND EISENHOWER

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BRINKMANSHIP AND EISENHOWER

• CHAPTER 26, SECTION 4

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THE HYDROGEN BOMB

• Define Hydrogen Bomb
• A thermonuclear device with the explosive power
  of 1 million tons of TNT.
• When? 1950 52
• Why?
• a. Fear of Soviet nuclear efforts
• b. Desire to gain nuclear advantage
• Truman approves research / development of bomb.
• 1st Test 1952 detonation of an American H-Bomb
• Problem?
• Yes
• 1953, Soviets detonate their first H-Bomb
• So What?
• Nuclear balance is evened again

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1952 Hydrogen Bomb Detonation
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BRINKMANSHIP

• 1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower elected President
• Ikes Sec. Of State John Foster Dulles
• Dulles Staunch Anti-Communist
• Dulles foreign policy principle
• BRINKMANSHIP
• Define A willingness to go to the brink, or
  edge, of war, especially nuclear war.
• So What?
• The U.S. will keep the peace by promising to use
  all its force, including nuclear weapons,
  against any aggressor nations
• Brinkmanship requires larger numbers of nuclear
  weapons
• So. . . THE ARMS RACE BEGINS

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DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER

• IKE IN WWII ...AS PRESIDENT

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• John F. Dulles
• Time, 1954
• Sec. of State

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THE COLD WAR SPREADS

• WHY?
• Superpower rivalry both want to dominate global
  affairs
• Both want to spread their own political
  economic systems
• Both want access to more resources
• How do superpowers gain global power?
• Expand alliances
• Prevent other superpower from doing the same
  thing
• How?
• Conventional / Direct confrontation
• Example? Conventional War - Define
• Covert / Indirect confrontation
• Examples?
• Spying
• Aiding friendly revolutions
• Helping overthrow unfriendly govts.

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THE COLD WAR SPREADS(CONTD.)

• Who will do this effectively?
• Intelligence agencies examples?
• C.I.A.
• Military Intelligence communities
• Where?
• 1953 IRAN CIA helps overthrow Pres. Mossadegh
  Shah of Iran takes over
• Why? Oil access
• 1954 GUATEMALA CIA helps overthrow Pres.
  Arbenz
• Why? Arbenz viewed as sympathetic to communism

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ATTEMPTS AT PEACE

• 1953 Stalin dies
• 1955 Soviets form Warsaw Pact
• Define Alliance of Eastern European Soviet
  satellite nations.
• 1955 The Geneva Summit
• What? U.S. Soviet meetings to discuss issues
  of mutual concern.
• Ike proposes an Open Skies Policy
• Define Both nations would allow flights over
  their territory to guard against surprise nuclear
  attack
• Soviets reject offer Why?
• Soviets fear a U.S. trick to discover where
  Soviet nuclear weapons are
• So What?
• Lack of trust worsens superpower tension

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THE WARSAW PACT
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OTHER FLASHPOINTS

• 1956 Egypt The Suez Crisis
• U.S. backs a Brit.-French-Israel takeover of the
  Suez Canal
• Why? Egypt growing too friendly w/USSR
• 1956 Hungary
• Soviets invade Hungary
• Why? Govt has become too friendly w/Western
  European nations
• U.S. decides not to intervene risk is too high
  and Suez Crisis take precedence
• Result? The Eisenhower Doctrine
• Define U.S. would give aid to any Middle
• Eastern nation threatened by any
• Communist aggression/expansion

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U.S. EMBARRASSMENTS

• 1957 Soviets launch Sputnik I
• SO WHAT?
• 1960 U-2 Spyplane shot down
• Pilot Francis Gary Powers captured tried for
  espionage
• Embarrassment for U.S.
• SO WHAT? The Cold War heats up

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SPUTNIK I
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U-2 SPYPLANE
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• Frances
• Gary Powers
• USAF, 1950s

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POWERS WITH U-2, PRE-FLIGHT
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