Matter

1
Matter

• xRocks
• ?Baby powder
• ?Milk
• ? Air
• ?Light
• ?Dust
• Love
• xCells
• ?Atoms
• ?Stars
• ?Gravity
• Magnetic force
• ? dissolved sugar
• ?Electricity

• ?Fire
• ?Smoke
• xMars
• xSalt
• xJupiter
• ?Steam
• ?Rotten apples
• ?Heat
• ?Sound waves
• ?Water
• ? Bacteria
• ?Oxygen

2
Matter

• See touch
• Touch, feel, shape, made of atoms
• Anything that has mass takes up space
• Anything that takes up space is tangible
• The atomic structure of an object

3
Matter vs energy

• Matter is anything that has mass takes up
  space
• Energy, forces , emotions, ideas

4
Compound/Molecules

• Compound 2 or more elements, held together with
  chemical bonds, the only way to separate the
  atoms is to break bonds
• MOLECULES are the smallest pieces of compounds

5
Mixture vs compound

• Mixture 2 or more substances, unmix without a
  chemical reaction
• Air, salad
• Compound 2 or more elements, held together with
  chemical bonds, the only way to separate the
  atoms is to break bonds MOLECULES
• Sugar, water

6

• What is chemistry?
• Why do we study it in Earth Science?

7
Warm up

• What is the smallest amount of gold, or other
  element, that has all the same properties?

8
hw

• Test 3 things (choose)
• Chromatography
• Water, rubbing alcohol needs parental supervision
• Fruit, vegetables, candy, juice, soda
• Describe what happened

9

• Study chromatograph
• Which pen

10
chromatography

• Separates a mixture
• Need a solvent
• 4 water based pens, water was the solvent
• 2 permanent pens, water did not work as a solvent
• 1 ball point pen

11

• Which ink traveled farthest?
• Which ink separated into the most colors?
• Which ink did not separate?
• Why did they behave differently?
• Molecules

12

• With your microscopic eyes, you can see what pen
  ink molecules, paper molecules and water
  molecules look like.
• Draw a model of how the molecules might be
  shaped. This model should explain why some ink
  molecules travel further than others.
• Jot down notes about what parts of chromatography
  or the model you are unsure of.

13
(No Transcript)
14
Lab Report

• Include
• Title
• Evidence and test results
• Guilty suspects (or not)
• Explain chromatography
• Model

15
lemonade

• A. between 230-255 g -
• B. between 255-280 g - 11
• C. 230 g -
• D. 280 g - 6
• E. 255 g 1

16
HOW DO I KNOW IF A CHEMICAL REACTION OR CHEMICAL
CHANGE HAS TAKEN PLACE?

• glow stick cant separate chemicals, produces
  light
• Rockets cant separate chemicals, gas produced,
  fizz, pop
• Vinegar/baking soda
• Ice packs absorbs heat

17
Properties

• Physical - color, size, ability to melt, ability
  to rip, bend
• Chemical flammable, oxidizes, tarnishes

18
Physical vs chemical changes

• Chemical reaction/change rearranging bonds to
  form different arrangements of atoms and
  molecules
• Physical change ?
• Melting
• Freezing
• Mixing/unmixing

19
Symbols

• Always 1st letter upper case, 2nd lower case

Hydrogen H Calcium - Ca
Carbon - C Iron - Fe
Nitrogen - N Silver - Ag
Oxygen - O Gold - Au
Sodium - Na Lead - Pb
Silicon - Si Uranium - U
Sulfur - S Helium He
Chlorine - Cl Nickel - Ni
20
Warm up

• How do you know if a chemical reaction has
  occurred?

21

• Absolute 0
• No molecular movement
• 0 Kelvin
• (-273 C)
• solid

22
States of Matter

• Solid slight molecular motion
• Shape and volume are set, low KE
• Liquid
• Med KE, assumes shape, holds volume
• Gas
• High KE, assumes shape vol

23
Phase change

• Ice H2O
• Water H2O
• gas H2O
• Solid, liquid or gas
• A phase change is when the state of matter goes
  from one state to another i.e. liquid to gas
  (evaporation)

24
Warm up

• A. Small ice cubes freeze at a higher temperature
  than large ice cubes
• B. Large ice cubes freeze at a higher temperature
  than small ice cubes
• C. All ice cubes freeze at the same temperature

25
Warm up

• Why dont all elements behave the same?

26
element

• All the atoms are of the same kind
• Silver ring all of the atoms are silver atoms
• List of elements or types can be found on the
  periodic table

27
Chemistry

• Atomic number number of protons
• Atomic mass sum protons neutrons
• Neutral atom , protons electrons
• Carbon always has 6 protons,
• Proton charge
• Neutron neutral
• Electron -charge

28
ions

• Ion protons not electrons, charged particle
• Form when electrons are lost or gained to
  fill/empty outer shell

29
electrons

• Shells/energy levels
• 2, 8, 8
• Fill inside first and then out from nucleus
• Dont want to be in semi-full shells, prefer full
  or empty
• Form bonds holding molecules/compounds together

30
Periodic Table

• A grouping of elements by similarities
• Families (vertical columns)
• similar chemical characteristics
• same number of electrons in outermost shell
• Rows horizontal/ periods
• Same number of shell

31

• Isotopes differ atomic mass (neutrons)
• Protons same
• Carbon
• Carbon 12, 6 p, 6 n, 6e
• Carbon 14, 6p, 8n, 6e

32
cubes

• same shape, dimensions, volume capacity or
  the amount of space that something occupies
• Different mass, amount of matter
• Density how packed something is
• Dmass/volumem/v

33
Warm up

• Draw an atom of oxygen and of hydrogen.
• How are they alike / different?

34
Test over chemistry

• Multiple choice 15 to20 questions
• Name 10 of the following symbols.
• Show how the density changes in each state of
  matter
• Identify the information from the periodic table.
  
• Apply or explain labs
• other open response.