SENTENCE STRUCTURE

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SENTENCE STRUCTURE
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There are 4 structures of sentences.

• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
• Compound-Complex

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CLAUSES

• In order to determine what the structure of a
  sentence is, you must determine what type of
  clauses are included in the sentence.

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Independent vs. Dependent

• INDEPENDENT CLAUSESES
• A part of a sentence that can stand alone. It is
  also called a main clause.
• EX). The dog dropped to the ground, but he
  remained alert.

• DEPENDENT CLAUSES
• A part of sentence that cannot stand alone.
• EX.) When it began to rain, the fire went out.

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Simple Sentences

• A simple sentence contains one independent
  clause.
• EXS.)
• Cindy wanted a hat.
• She got a dress.
• Cindy found jeans on sale.

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Compound Sentences

• A compound sentence consists of more than one
  independent clauses joined by either a semicolon
  or a regular conjunction.
• EXS).
• 1. Dans father works at Macys and Dan buys his
  clothes there.
• 2. His father sells shoes he prefers the suit
  department.

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Guided Practice

• Write each sentence. Underline each independent
  clause. Circle the conjunction that joins the
  clauses.
• EX. Cats vary in size, and many have different
  coloring.
• 1. Wild cats often hunt at night, but some
  prefer dusk or dawn
• 2. Cats see well in daylight, and their eyes
  adjust to darkness.
• 3. Cats may have soft voices, or they may have
  penetrating calls.
• 4. Grassland leopards are tan with black spots,
  but forest leopards are much darker.
• 5. Lions live in Africa, but most of them are in
  national parks.

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Complex Sentences

• A complex sentence contains one independent
  clause and one or more dependent clauses.
• EXS.)
• Though we were hungry, none of us ate.
• Since she wasnt hungry, I ate her food.

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Subordinating Conjunctions

• Dependent clauses are signaled by subordinating
  conjunctions. These are the most common. They
  start off adverb clauses.
• After
• Because
• Since
• Though
• While
• When

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Relative Pronouns

• Dependent clauses are always signaled by relative
  pronouns. Relative pronouns start off adjective
  clauses.
• That
• Which
• Who
• Whom
• Whose
• Whoever
• Whomever
• It can also begin with where or when

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TELL WHETHER EACH GROUP OF WORDS IS A DEPENDENT
CLAUSE.Remember Can it stand alone?

• 1. Because the owls were awake.
• 2. Every sound frightened us.
• 3. The wind brushed our cheeks.
• 4. After a gentle rainfall.
• 5. While the racket continued.
• 6. We dashed through the dark woods.
• 7. Though we didnt notice.
• Who was nicknamed Johnny Appleseed.

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Compound-Complex Sentences

• A compound-complex sentence contains more than
  one main clause and at least one dependent
  clause.
• EX.)
• When Casey came up to bat, the bases
• were loaded and there were two outs.

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For the following sentences, underline the
relative pronoun and write the dependent clause.

• Kim, who is very fashionable, rolls her eyes a
  lot.
• The table that has a broken leg is propped up
  with books.
• Most of our dry erase markers, which are used a
  lot everyday, are drying up.
• Many students who do not do their homework will
  get a much lower grade than they expect.
• Good students do their homework, which helps them
  do better on their tests.

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For the following sentences, underline the
subordinating conjunction and write the dependent
clause.

• After winter break, we will work a lot more on
  our reading skills.
• There will be no vocabulary due next week since
  there is no school next Friday.
• Whenever there is a break from school, most of us
  sleep later.
• Sometimes I wish we went to school year-round
  because they get more breaks.
• If you travel over the break, you might run into
  a lot of traffic.