Themes in Global History

1
Themes in Global History

• Review

2
1. Change

• Definition
• Represents a New Way of Doing Things
• a) Neolithic Revolution
• - Change where people stopped being nomads
• and began to develop permanent
  settlements through
• the development of agriculture and
  domestication of
• animals
• b) Commercial Revolution
• -Change of trade and business practices
  that transformed
• European economies during the 16th and
  17th century
• c) Scientific Revolution
• -Change in the study of the natural world
  based on
• observation and experimentation that
  challenged
• traditional theories
• d) Glorious Revolution
• -Change in the government of England
  where Protestant
• monarchs had a bloodless overthrow of
  the Catholic
• monarch

3
2. Turning Points

• Definition
• - a sequence of events that brought about
• change
• a) Fall of the Roman Empire
• - Brought about the Middle Ages in the
  Western half of
• the Roman Empire (Europe) and the
  Byzantine Empire
• in the Eastern half of the Roman Empire
  (Asia Minor)
• b) Crusades
• -Brought about the Renaissance in Italy
  and Western
• Europe due to the re-establishment of
  trade and
• cultural diffusion between Europe and
  the Middle East
• c) Bubonic Plague (Black Death)
• -Brought about the end of the
  manorialism which
• started the decline of the Middle Ages
  in Europe

4
2. Turning Points (Pg.2)
d) Protestant Reformation -Brought about
the end of religious unity in Western
Europe due to the attempts to solve the abuses
in the Roman Catholic Church e)
Enlightenment -Brought upon the Age of
Revolutions due to scholars challenging
the traditional ideas of government and
society
5
3. Belief Systems

• Definition
• religions or a way of conducting ones
  life
• a) Animism
• - Traditional polythietic belief system
  that spirits are presents in animals, plants and
  other natural objects
• b) Judaism
• -Monotheistic belief system of the Hebrews
• c) Christianity
• - Monotheistic belief system based upon
  Ancient Judaism
• and the teachings of Jesus of Nazereth
• d) Islam
• -Monotheistic belief system of the
  Muslims based on the
• teachings of Muhammad
• e) Hinduism
• -Polytheistic belief system of
  traditional India that
• governed Indian society based upon the
  caste system
• and ideas of reincarnation and karma

6
3. Belief Systems (Pg. 2)

• f) Buddhism
• - Belief system based on the principles of
• Hinduism but rejects the caste system
• g) Confucianism
• -Guide of living based upon the Chinese
  philosopher
• Confucius
• h) Daoism
• -Guide of living based upon the Chinese
  philosopher Laozi
• who taught that people should be guided
  by the
• universal force known as Dao (way)
• i) Legalism
• -Belief that the way to create a stable
  society in China
• was through unquestioning obedience to a
  strong
• government through harsh punishment
• j) Shintoism
• -traditional belief system of Japan based
  on worship of
• the spirits found in nature

7
4. Geography

• Definition
• How the natural world effect people that
  live there
• a) Early River Valley Civilizations
• - Ancient civilizations of Egypt,
  Mesopotamia, China
• and India developed along rivers
  that provided fresh
• water and fertile soil for people,
  crops and animals
• b) Ancient China
• -Isolated due to natural geographic
  barriers that led to
• the development of a unique culture
• c) Ancient Greece
• -Due to mountainous terrain,
  developed city states
• due to isolation and hindered trade
• - Irregular coastlines and lack of
  arable lands made
• Greece rely on the sea for food and
  overseas trade
• d) Japan
• -Mountainous terrain and lack of
  arable land led to
• Japan to rely on the sea for food
  and overseas trade
• with China (cultural diffusion with
  China)

8
5) Economic Systems

• Definition
• -various forms of conducting business
• a) Traditional Economy
• - based on subsistence farming
• b) Barter Economy
• -based on the trading of goods and services
  between people without the use of money
• c) Manorialism
• -based on the production of goods and
  services produced
• on the Medieval manor, minimal trade
• d) Mercantilism
• - based on countries depended on
  increasing their wealth by exporting more than
  they imported by having their colonies supply it
  with raw materials and serving its markets for
  its exports
• e) Capitalism
• -based on which the means of production
  are privately owned and operated for profit

9
6. Political Systems

• -Definition
• -various forms of government
• a) Theocracy-
• -ruled by a religious leaders
• b) Monarchy
• - ruled by a king or queen who has
  centralized
• power
• c) Aristocracy
• -ruled by a privileged minority or upper
  class
• d) Oligarchy
• - ruled by a small group of people
• e) Tyranny
• -ruled by an individual who seizes power by
  force

10
6. Political Systems

• f) Direct Democracy
• -ruled by its citizens who vote on all
  legislation
• g) Republic
• -citizens elect government officials that
  represent
• the citizens in government
• h) Feudalism
• - nobles are granted the use of lands by
  the king in
• exchange for loyalty, military service
  and
• percentage of goods produced
• i) Limited Monarchy
• -power of the monarch is limited by the
• legislature

11
7.Culture and Intellectual Life

• Definition
• the way people live
• a) Greek Philosophy
• -Scholars began to use logic and reason
  to investigate
• the natural world
• b) Pax Romana
• -Golden Age of Rome, 200 years of peace
  and stability
• in the Roman Empire
• c) Gupta Empire
• -Golden Age of India, lasting
  contributions in mathematics, medicine, art and
  architecture
• d) Islamic Golden Age
• -lasting contributions in mathematics,
  science

12
7.Culture and Intellectual Life (Pg.2)

• e) Byzantine Empire
• - preserved Greek and Roman cultures
  during the
• Middle Ages in Europe
• -Influenced the Russian culture
• f) Renaissance
• -Rebirth of Greek and Roman culture in
  Europe
• g) Mesoamerican culture
• - Developed complex civilizations before
  the arrival of
• the Europeans

13
8. Nationalism

• Definition
• pride in ones country or culture
• a) Middle Kingdom
• - Chinese believed their culture was far
  superior from other cultures and their land was
  the center of the world

14
9) Imperialism

• Definition stronger civilizations/country takes
  over a weaker civilization country
• a) Greek Empire
• - under the leadership of Alexander the
  Great that
• included Egypt, Asia Minor and India
• b) Roman Empire
• -included Western Europe, Italy,
  Greece, Asia Minor,
• parts of the Middle East, Egypt and
  Northern Africa
• c) Mongol Empire
• - invaded and conquered China, Northern
  and
• Eastern Asia
• d) Han Dynasty
• -Chinese empire that conquered Southeast
  Asia
• e) Colonization of the Americas
• -European countries set up colonies in
  the Americas to
• produce raw materials and served as
  markets for
• finished goods

15
10) Diversity and Interdependence

• Definition
• How people from differing cultures work together
• a) Roman Empire
• - under the Roman Empire, many cultures
  lived together
• b) Greek Empire
• -under the Greek Empire, many cultures
  lived together
• c) Byzantine Empire
• -under the Byzantine Empire, many
  cultures lived together
• d) Mongol Empire
• -under the Mongol Empire, many
  cultures lived together

16
11) Justice and Human Rights

• Definition
• - various law codes and how human rights are
  violated
• a) Hammurabis Code
• -1st written law code in history, very harsh
  punishment, eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth
• b) Ten Commandments
• Law code of the Hebrews and Christians that
  guided the conduct of its followers
• c) Law of Twelve Tables
• Law code of the Roman Empire in which everyone
  was equal
• d) Justinians Code
• Law code of the Byzantine Empire that combined
  the ancient Roman laws with common law
• e) Magna Carta
• -Legislation that limited the power of the
  English King in 1215
• f) English Bill of Rights
• -Legislation that created a limited monarchy in
  England, based on the Magna Carta

17
12) Movement of People and Goods

• Definition
• -the migration of people to different parts of
  the world
• a) Trans-Saharan Trade Route
• - trade route through Northern Africa to the
  Middle East that brought Islam to Northern Africa
• b) Silk Road
• -trade route that linked China with the markets
  of the West
• c) Crusades
• -holy war between the European Christians and the
  Middle Eastern Muslims over control of Palestine,
  resulted in a increased in European interest in
  Middle Eastern goods
• d) Columbian Exchange
• -introduction of new goods, ideas, technology
  between the Americas and Europe

18
13) Science and Technology

• Definition
• Advancements in science and technology throughout
  the course of history
• a) Neolithic Revolution
• -development of agriculture and domestication of
  animals that resulted in the establishment of
  permanent settlements
• b) Invention of the Printing Press
• -development that allowed ideas to spread faster
  throughout the world

19
14) Conflict

• Definition
• Various wars or disagreements that have happened
• a) Battle of Tours
• -war between the European Christians and Muslims
  that resulted in the pushing back of the invading
  Muslims in Western Europe
• b) Crusades
• -holy war between the European Christians and the
  Middle Eastern Muslims over control of Palestine,
  resulted in a increased in European interest in
  Middle Eastern goods
• c) Hundred Years War
• -war between France and English over English
  territory in Europe that resulted in decline of
  the Middle Ages due to a new loyalty to the king
  rather than the feudal lords

20
15) Modern Global Connection and Interactions

• Definition
• How the modern problems/issues has affected the
  world