The Cell Cells are the basic unit of living things

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The CellCells are the basic unit of living things
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Leeuwenhoek

• 1674
• First to describe cells as seen through a simple
  microscope

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Robert Hooke
In 1665, Robert Hooke viewed cork samples. He
observed hollow boxes which he called cells.
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• In the 1830s Schleiden and Schwann studied plant
  and animal cells.

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Schleiden
All plants are made of cells.
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Schwann
All animals are made of cells.
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Cell Theory

• 1. All organisms are composed of one or more
  cells.

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Cell Theory

• 2. The cell is the basic unit of organization for
  organisms.

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Cell Theory

• 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

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BASIC CELL TYPESProkaryoteEukaryote
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Prokaryote

• Primitive cells without organelles.
• Lacks internal structures surrounded by membranes
• Lacks a true nucleus
• DNA is contained in the nucleoid
• Most are single-celled organisms

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Eukaryote

• Has membrane bound structures
• Has a true nucleus
• Allows cells parts to specialize in particular
  functions
• Can be unicellular or multicellular
• Membrane-bound structures are called organelles
• Allows different chemical reactions to take place

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Cell Structures and Functions
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Plasma Membrane

• AKA cell membrane
• Location Surrounds the cell
• Function boundary between cell and environment
• Controls what goes into and out of the cell.

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Cell Wall

• Location surrounds the plasma membrane in plant
  cells
• Function support

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Nucleus

• Location center of the cell
• Function manage cell functions

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Nuclear Envelope

• Location surround the nucleus
• Function controls what goes into and out of the
  nucleus

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DNA

• Location in the nucleus, on the chromosomes
• Function produce the codes for protein synthesis

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Chromatin

• Location in the nucleus, made from DNA
• Function form chromosomes during cell
  reproduction

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Nucleolus

• Location in the nucleus
• Function produce ribosomes

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Ribosomes

• Location nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum,
  cytoplasm
• Function assembles enzymes and proteins for
  protein synthesis

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Cytoplasm

• Location from the nuclear envelope to the cell
  membrane, surrounding the organelles
• Function a clear, jelly-like fluid that holds
  the organelles in place

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Location within the cytoplasm
• Function site of lipid synthesis and cells
  delivery system

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Golgi Apparatus

• Location within the cytoplasm
• Function Receives and distributes the new
  proteins from the ER and distributes substances
  from the vesicles

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Vacuole

• Location within the cytoplasm
• Function temporary storage of material (food,
  water, waste, enzymes)
• One large vacuole in plants
• Many small vacuoles in animals

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Lysosomes

• Location within the cytoplasm (animals only)
• Function digest enzymes, worn out or extra cell
  parts, food, virus/bacteria

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Mitochondria

• AKA powerhouse
• Location within cytoplasm
• Function breaks down food to release energy

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Chloroplasts

• Location within cytoplasm (plants only)
• Function change light energy into usable
  chemical energy

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Chlorophyll green pigment that gives plants
their color and traps lightBelongs to a group
of plant organelles called plastids which are
used for storage. They store starches (carbs),
lipids, and pigments.
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Cytoskeleton

• Location Within the cytoplasm
• Function provides support for organelles

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Composed of microtubules and microfilamentsmicro
tubules thin hollow cylinders made of
proteinmicrofilaments solid protein fibers
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Cilia

• Location outside of the cell, short, hair-like
• Function move the cell

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Flagella

• Location outside the cell, long, whip-like
• Function move the cell

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Centriole

• Location in the cytoplasm (animal cells only)
• Function aid in cell division