Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem

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Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem

• Food Chains, Food Webs, Energy Pyramids

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• Begins with the SUN
• Photosynthesis

6CO2 6H2O sunlight chlorophyll ?C6H12O6
6O2
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• The chemical reaction by which green plants use
  water and carbon dioxide and light from the sun
  to make glucose.
• ENERGY is stored in glucose glucose is stored as
  starch.

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Organisms that can make glucose during
photosynthesis are called AUTOTROPHS(PRODUCERS)
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An organism is ..

• Any independent living thing
• Can be as small as a single celled bacteria
• Or as large as a whale!

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Producers Are-

• Producers get their food and energy from the sun.
  (PLANTS)
• They are AUTOTROPHS
• They make their food through a process called
  photosynthesis.

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Producers use most of the energy they make for
themselves.
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Producers use cellular respiration to supply the
energy they need to live.
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION is the chemical reaction
that releases the energy in glucose.
6O2 C6H12O6 --gt  6H2O 6CO2 energy
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The energy that is not used by producers can be
passed on to organisms that cannot make their own
energy.
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Organisms that cannot make their own energy are
called CONSUMERS. They are HETEROTROPHS
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Consumers

• Consumers need to eat their food to get energy.
  (ANIMALS)

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Types of consumers are

• There are THREE types of Consumers
• Herbivores
• Carnivores
• Omnivores.
• Its still all about what you eat!

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Herbivores eat only plants.
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Carnivores only eat meat (other animals)
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Omnivores eat both meat (animals) and plants.
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StopReviewCheckTurn to your partner and tell
them the meaning of each word. Also give two
examples of each.

• Carnivore
• Herbivore
• Omnivore

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Consumers that eat producers to get energy

• Are first order or primary consumers
• Are herbivores (plant-eaters)

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Most of the energy the primary consumer gets from
the producer is used by the consumer.
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Some of the energy moves into the atmosphere as
heat.
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Some energy in the primary consumer is not lost
to the atmosphere or used by the consumer
itself.This energy is available for another
consumer.
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A consumer that eats another consumer for energy

• Is called a secondary or second order consumer
• May be a carnivore or a herbivore
• May be a predator
• May be a scavenger

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Most of the energy the secondary consumer gets
from the primary consumer is used by the
secondary consumer.
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Some of the energy is lost as heat, but some
energy is stored and can passed on to another
consumer.
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A consumer that eats a consumer that already ate
a consumer

• Is called a third order or tertiary consumer
• May be a carnivore or a herbivore
• May be a omnivore
• May be a predator
• May be a scavenger

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Consumers that hunt kill other consumers are
called predators.The animals that are hunted
killed are called prey.
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Consumers that eat producers other consumers

• Are called omnivores
• Omnivores eat plants and animals

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Consumers that eat other consumers that have
already died are called scavengers.
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Decomposers

• Decomposers eat dead things and turn them back
  into dirt, or soil. YUK!
• Examples
• Mushrooms
• Worms
• Bugs

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What would the world look like without
decomposers (bacteria and fungi?
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The transfer of energy from sun to producer to
primary consumer to secondary consumer to
tertiary consumer can be shown in a FOOD CHAIN.
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How they relate
.
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StopReviewCheckTurn to your partner and tell
them the meaning of each word. Also give two
example of each.

• Producers
• Consumers
• Decomposers

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On a sheet of note book paper describe the
following animals as either a producer, consumer
or decomposer. For the consumers, make sure to
include if they are a carnivore, herbivore or
omnivore. Please use complete sentences! (Ex A
_____ is a ______.)

1. Bear
2. Shark
3. Rabbit
4. Cherry tree
5. Mushroom
6. Human
7. Tulip (flower)

• 8. Panther
• 9. Giraffe
• 10. Worm

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Answer Key

1. Consumer / Omnivore
2. Consumer / Carnivore
3. Consumer / Herbivore
4. Producer
5. Decomposer
6. Consumer / Omnivore
7. Producer
8. Consumer / Carnivore
9. Consumer / Herbivore
10. Decomposer

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Another way of showing the transfer of energy in
an ecosystem is theENERGY PYRAMID.
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Energy pyramids show

• That the amount of available energy decreases
  down the food chain
• It takes a large number of producers to support a
  small number of primary consumers
• It takes a large number of primary consumers to
  support a small number of secondary consumers

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Food Webs

• Are interconnected food chains
• They show the feeding relationships in an
  ecosystem
• EXAMPLE