Unix ??

1
Unix ??
2
Unix-like System

• Linux
• FreeBSD
• Solaris
• Mac OS X

3
Tools

• Login in tools
• Putty / pietty
• Editor
• ee(Easy Editor)
• vi
• FTP tools
• WinSCP
• FileZilla Client

4
How to use putty/pietty?

• Putty
• http//www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/sgtatham/putty/
  download.html
• Pietty
• http//www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/piaip/pietty/

5
Login in

• the default for SSH service is port 22
• bsd1.cs.nctu.edu.tw bsd5.cs.nctu.edu.tw
• linux1.cs.nctu.edu.tw linux6.cs.nctu.edu.tw

6
Unix-like command - Shell

• Command
• ls - list directory contents
• mkdir - make directories
• rm - remove files or directories
• cd - change directory
• man - format and display the on-line manual pages

Reference http//www.csie.nctu.edu.tw/tsaiwn/cou
rse/introcs/history/linux/linux.tnc.edu.tw/techdoc
/shell/book1.html
7
ee/edit

• BSD only
• Start ee ee ltinput filenamegt
• Usage
• edit mode like notepad
• ESC-ENTER save/exit

8
vi

• Vi editor have two modes
• Command mode
• Edit mode
• start vi
• vi ltfilenamegt

Command mode
Edit mode
Insert Delete Replace Copy .....
Command mode
Exit Edit mode
Esc
Reference http//www.csie.nctu.edu.tw/tsaiwn/cou
rse/introcs/history/linux/linux.tnc.edu.tw/techdoc
/vi.htm
9
FTP - WinSCP

• Add new account
• ?????????
• Port 22
• SFTP

10
FTP - FileZilla

• ???????
• ????
• ?SFTP
• ????(??)

11
Fork thread ??
12
fork

• fork - create a new process
• The new process (child process) shall be an exact
  copy of the calling process (parent process)
• The child process shall have a unique process
  ID(different parent process ID).
• The return value in the child is 0,whereas the
  return value in the parent is the process ID of
  the new child.
• It return only -1 when fork failed.

13
fork() - example1
gcc fork1.c -o fork1 ./fork1 1 16444
my child is 16445 I am child! ps PID TTY
TIME CMD 16212 pts/18 000000
tcsh 16444 pts/18 000005 fork1 16445 pts/18
000005 fork1 16446 pts/18 000000 ps
killall -v fork1 Killed fork1(16444) with signal
15 Killed fork1(16445) with signal 15 1
Terminated ./fork1

• include ltstdio.hgt
• includeltstdlib.hgt
• include ltunistd.hgt
• int main(void)
• pid_t pid
• pid fork()
• switch (pid)
• case -1 printf("failure!\n") break
• case 0 printf("I am child!\n") break
• default printf("my child is d\n",pid) break
• for () / do something here /

14
fork() example2

• include ltstdio.hgt
• includeltstdlib.hgt
• include ltunistd.hgt
• int main(void)
• pid_t pid
• pid fork()
• if (pidgt0)
• printf("my child is d\n",pid)
• printf("daemon on duty!\n")
• / do something here /
• exit(0)
• else if (pidlt0)
• printf("Can't fork!\n")
• exit(-1)
• for ()
• printf("I am the daemon!\n")

gcc fork2.c -o fork2 ./fork2 1 16423 my
child is 36845 daemon on duty! I am the daemon! I
am the daemon! (loop)
Open a new window to kill it killall -v
fork2 Or Direct input in the window to kill
it Hint we can use copy-paste to do it
killall -v fork2
15
Thread

• Light weight process
• Share resources
• Own private data
• Synchronization

16
Pthread API

• int pthread_create(pthread_t thread, const
  pthread_attr_t attr, void (start_routine)(void
  ), void arg)
• create a new thread with given attributes
• int pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void
  status)
• suspend caller until thread argument ends
• void pthread_exit(void status)
• terminate calling thread
• int pthread_equal(pthread_t t1, pthread_t t2)
• test if two thread IDs are to same thread
• int pthread_cancel(pthread_t thread)
• start cleanup and termination of given thread
• int pthread_kill(pthread_t thread, int sig)
• send given signal to specified thread
• pthread_t pthread_self(void)
• return ID of calling thread

17
Pthread API cont.

• pthread_mutex_destroy()
• destroy a mutex
• pthread_mutex_init()
• initialise a mutex
• pthread_mutex_lock()
• get mutex lock blocking while already locked
• pthread_mutex_trylock()
• try to get mutex lock, fail if already locked
• pthread_mutex_unlock()
• release lock on a mutex

18
How to create Pthread in unix-like OS?

• Linux, BSD, Salorisetc
• Include
• include ltpthread.hgt
• Command line
• g threads.cpp -lpthread -o threads

19
pthread() example1

• includeltpthread.hgt
• includeltstdio.hgt
• include ltunistd.hgt
• define NUM_THREADS 5
• void PrintHello(void )
• int main (int argc, char argv)
• pthread_t threadsNUM_THREADS
• int rc , t
• for(t0tltNUM_THREADSt)
• printf("In main creating thread d\n", t)
• rc pthread_create(threadst , NULL ,
  PrintHello , (void )t)
• usleep(1000)
• if(rc)

void PrintHello(void threadid) int tid
((int )threadid) printf("Hello World! thread
d\n", tid) pthread_exit(NULL)
20
pthread() example1 cont.

• g threads1.cpp -o threads1 -lpthread
• ./thread1
• In main creating thread 0
• Hello World! thread 0
• In main creating thread 1
• Hello World! thread 1
• In main creating thread 2
• Hello World! thread 2
• In main creating thread 3
• Hello World! thread 3
• In main creating thread 4
• Hello World! thread 4

21
pthread() example2
void doSomething(void arg) for ()
int tmp ((int )arg) cout ltlt tmp
cout.flush() sleep(tmp) return NULL

• include ltiostreamgt
• include ltpthread.hgt
• using namespace std
• void doSomething(void arg)
• int main()
• int tmp11, tmp22
• pthread_t t1
• if ( pthread_create(t1, NULL, doSomething,
  (int )tmp1) ! 0 )
• cout ltlt "pthread_create() error" ltlt endl
• exit(-1)
• doSomething((int )tmp2)

22
pthread() example2 cont.

• g threads2.cpp -o threads2 -lpthread
• ./thread2
• 211211211211211(loop)

23
Assignment
24
1-1 try to use fork() and Pthread

• Just rand() two global integer between 110,
  then add them up
• VER. Fork create a child process, then child
  rand() int1, parent rand() int2, child add up
  int1 and int2(YES! communication between
  process!)
• VER. Thread create two threads, thread1 rand()
  int1,then sleep(int1), thread2 rand() int2, then
  sleep(int2) then main process add up int1 and
  int2.

25
1-2 producer and consumer

• ?????GLOBAL?BUFFER,????queue(???FIFO???array,?????
  ?queue)
• ??producer thread?consumer thread
• Producer?????rand()???????buffer?,??buffer????????
  ?
• Consumer?????buffer??????,??buffer???????
• ??Producer????buffer??????,??consumer????????buffe
  r???
• (??????7?3-4)

26
1-2 cont.

• Buffer size5
• Number of consumer and producer 12
• Simple Output
• producer(1)-producer put 208 in buffer0
• producer(2)-producer put 142 in buffer1
• consumer(1)-consumer get 208 in buffer0 is
• producer(3)-producer put 66 in buffer2
• producer(4)-producer put 241 in buffer3
• producer(5)-producer put 164 in buffer4
• consumer(2)-consumer get 142 in buffer1
• producer(6)-producer put 7 in buffer0 ..

27
1-2 cont.

• includeltstdio.hgt
• includeltpthread.hgt
• include lttime.hgt
• define BUFFER_SIZE 5
• int bufferBUFFER_SIZE
• void consumer(void argv)
• for (int num0numlt12num)
• sleep(rand()10)
• //write here
• void producer(void argv)
• for (int num0numlt12num)
• sleep(rand()5)
• //write here
• int main()
• int errno

28
Q A