Title: ?????? Catalysis in industrial processes
1??????Catalysis in industrial processes
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- ???d???(?B??B??B??)?????????1-2?S????1-10d???
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- ????1-2???,????1-10?d??,(n-1)dns???????????Cu,Ag
,Au?d????????,??d???????s???,??d??????????????????
?????d???????????
5(No Transcript)
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- ???????????????????????????,???N?????????N????????
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7- ??????????,??????
- s?????S???????,???,??????
- d?????d???????,????,??????
- ??????????Fermi???
8- ????????
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???????,??????????????????????????????????????T???
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9- ?T ????????????
- Ø ??,??T 0k ??EF E0F
- (1)Ejlt E0F?
- ??????????E0
- F?????????????1?
- ????
10 11????????s?p?d???????
12????????d??????????
- ???????????????
- ?????(Fe?Co?Ni)?d ???????
- ???????????d???2.2,1.7,0.6
- d??????????????????,???????????
- ??3
- Fe2.2 (d??),?(1.7) ?(0.6) ???????????,????Fe????
? - ??4
- ????,??????????1??Pt(0.55) Pd(0.6)????????
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- ??????????????????????????????????
- ??????????????,??????????,??????????????????
- ?????????,?d?????Cr?Mo?W?Mn????H2??????,?????????
,????????Ni?Pd?Pt?H2?????????????,???????????? - ??,??????????????,????????????????????????????
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- ????????????????,???????s?p?d??????????,???spd?dsp
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?d?40-50?????
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- ?????????,5?d????????,?????????????????,?????????,
??t2g???eg?????????dxy?dzx?dzy????dx2-y2?dz2
eg???,t2g???? - ??????????,????????????????????
- ????????????,eg??????,????s??,t2g?????????????,???
???p??,????????????????????
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- ??????????
- ?????,???????????
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- ????????X0.355f
- ??X?????,f?????
- ?Ni????f4.71eV,????
- ??,X1.67eV
17??????????????????
- ??????
- Fe Co Ni Cr Cu Mo
- 4.48 4.41 4.51 4.60 4.10 4.20
- Rh Pd Ag W Re Pt
- 4.48 4.55 4.80 4.53 5.10 5.32
- ?????????
- ??????????????????????? I ??????????????????
18(No Transcript)
19- 1? fgtI?,????????????????,?????????????????????????
???????f? I??????????,????????????????????
20- 2?fltI?,???????????????????,???????????????????????
???????????f?I????,???????????????????????????????
??
21- 3? fI?,??????????,???????????,
I?f????????????????????,???????????????,??????????
???????????????????,?????L?????????
22- ????????????????????O2,H2,N2,?????????????????????
?????????????NiN-,WO-????????????,????????C2H4,C
2H2,CO(?p?)???????,?????????,???????
23- ????????????????????
- (1)????????????????,????????????????
F???,???????????? - ??
- ?????????O-?O2-?O???????????????F??,??????????
24- (2)?????????????????,????????????????,??F??,??????
??? - (3)???????????????,?????????FI?????
- ??????????????????
- ?????????,????????????????????
25- ??HCOOH?H2CO2
- ?????????HCOOH????????????????CO2?H2?
- HCOOH???????? ??H2CO2
26- ??????????????
- (1)d????????
- (2)d?????
- (3)?????????
- (4)?????????????????
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- ??????????????????????????????????
28????(????)
- ????????,???????????????,?????????????a,b,c???????
?,????? - ???????????????????,??????????a,b,c????,??????????
??,???????,?????????????(h k l)??? - ????????????3,3,5???????????1/31/31/5553,????
????(5 5 3)?
29(No Transcript)
30(No Transcript)
31???????????????
- ????(????)??????????,??????????,?????????????????
??,?????????????????????(213)???????5???,??????,??
??,??????,???????,??????????,????,????????? - ????,??????????????????
32(No Transcript)
33??????????
- ????????????????????????,????????????????????,????
????,????????????????,??????Frenkel??? - ???????????????????????????????????????,??????????
,??????Schottky???
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35(No Transcript)
36(No Transcript)
37?????
- ????
- ??(h k l)?????,????????,?????????????????5,?????
?????????????????????????????????????????????(755)
5(111)2(100)4(111)(311)??5,2?(111)??(100)????(
???????) - ???????????,??????????????,?????????(h,k,I,l)
38(No Transcript)
39(No Transcript)
40- ???????????????????????
- 7???,14?????,32?????,230????
- ????????7????14?????
41(No Transcript)
4214?????
- 1????(P)2????(I)3????(F)
- 4????(P)5????(I)6????(P)7????(I)8????(C)9????(F
)10??(P)11??(P)12????(P) - 13????(C)14??(P)
43(No Transcript)
44???????
AX2 SN2 ??
AX3 SN3 ????
45AX4 SN4 ???
AX5 SN5 ????
46AX6 SN6 ????
47Ni ?????????????
48?????????????????
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- ????,?????,???????????????????????,???????????????
???? - ?????????????????????????,?Frankel(????)Schottky(?
??)??????????????????????????
49???????????????
- ???D?????/(????)???
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- ???????????????????????,???????????
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- ???????????????????????
50- ??????C-H????????????,???C-C?????(
p)???????????????????? - ?????????
- ???,?????????????????????
- (1)???????????????
- (2)????????,???????????????????
- (3)??????????????
51- ?????
- ????????????????(???????????????????)
- ?Pt/Al2O3??????????Pt?????????????????????
- ???????????????????????????????????????,?????????
- ?Pt/Al2O3??????????
52- ????????
- ???????????,??????,???????????????????????????
- ?????????????????????????,????????????????????????
???????,?????????????? - ???????H2?N2?O2????
53???????????
- ????????????????
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- ?????????
- Ø ?????????????????(??????)???
- Ø ??????????,??????
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- Ø ?????????????
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55???????????????
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- ???????????????????????,???????????
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- ???????????????????????
56- ??????C-H????????????,???C-C?????(
p)???????????????????? - ?????????
- ???,?????????????????????
- (1)???????????????
- (2)????????,???????????????????
- (3)??????????????
57??????????
- ??????????????
- ?????Wood?Matrix
- Wood???
- ????(11)??
- ?Pt(111)???????????Pt(111)-P( 11)??P??Primitive
(??) - ???M(h k l)-P(q r)-a D
- Matrix
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- Ø ?????????????
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60????X???(X-ray diffraction)
- X??????,??,???????????.?????X?????????????????????
????,??????.?????X??????????????.
61X????
??????????????,?????????(20-70??)??????????????,??
???????Cu,Mo??????????,?????????,?????????????1A?
????(X??)????????????????????????,???????,????????
?????????X???
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????????????????????????????????????????,?????X???
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63Bragg??
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66?i???????????
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701
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712
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??(Scherrer.P) 1918???
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74Thank You !