??????(tense)???,???????

1
?19?

• ???(?)

2
19.1 ????????

• 1. ??????????????????
• ??????(tense)???,???????
• (person)??(number)???,???
• (aspect)??(voice)?????????
• ???????(to write),?????(to be
• writing), ?????(to have written)???
• ??????(to have been writing)

3

• Eg. I have a lot of work to do.
• She had no need to be worrying.
• He is said to have left Shanghai.
• The president was reported to have been flying
  across the Atlantic.
• We decided not to buy that house.
• The matter to be discussed at the meeting is a
  hard nut to crack.

4

• 2. ?to??????to???
• A. ????????
• B. ???????
• C. ???????
• D. ?rather than/sooner than ??
• E. ???????????????????
• F. ?????????
• G. ?????????

5

• H. ?have known ????
• I. ?help (?help??)??
• J. ???except /but ??
• K. ?why.../ why not...???
• L. ??????????

6

• Eg. We neednt stay this evening.
• We dont need to stay this evening.
• Need we stat this evening?
• I darent go there.
• I don not dare to go there.
• Does he dare to go?

7

• Eg. Its sure to rain.
• Have you got to go to the dentists today?
• Youd better have that bad tooth pulled out.
• I happened to be out when he called.

8

• Eg. Id rather not have eggs and bacon for
  breakfast.
• Id sooner stay at home.
• I would as soon do it by myself.
• Since its a fine day we might as well walk.
• He would rather listen to others than talk
  himself.
• I would just as soon stay as go.

9

• Eg. Rather than cause trouble, he left.
• Sooner than marry that man, she would earn her
  living as a waitress.
• He decided to write rather than telephone.
• The manager believes it is important to invest in
  new machinery rather than to increase wages.

10

• Lets make believe we have a million dollars.
• We hadnt time for luncheon, but we made do with
  sandwiches.
• They are not rich, but they make do on what they
  have.
• He let fall a hint of his intentions.
• Dont let go of the handle.
• Ive heard tell of him.

11

• Eg. We cant let this go on.
• I will not let my children be treated in that
  way.
• Let there be an end of this misunderstanding.
• I dont know how she makes the money go round.
• He wont have us criticize his work.
• John made her tell him everything.

12

• Eg. Oh, Robert, I didnt hear you say that.
• The two boys were sorry indeed to see him go.
• They didnt observe Christine come in and go
  upstairs.
• I watched him eat his breakfast.
• We feel the house shake.
• Look at that boy jump!

13

• Eg. I have never known that man smile.
• Have you ever known him tell a lie?
• That man has never been known to smile.

14

• Eg. All this has helped to raise farm yields
  steadily.
• Can I help to lift this heavy box?
• Ill help you solve it.
• You may as well help me to get things straight.

15

• Eg. They did nothing except work.
• Theres no choice but to wait.
• What he will do is to spoil the whole thing.
• All you do now is to complete the form.
• The only thing I can do now is to go on by
  myself.
• The thing to do now is to clear up this mess.

16

• Eg. Why argue with him?
• Why not give Mary some flowers?

17

• Eg. Go post a letter for me.
• I must go telephone.
• Come look.
• Come have a chat with me.
• Try eat a little.
• Ill try help him.
• Me borrow money form him!

18
19.2 ????????????

• 1. ???????????
• ??????,???????????????????????????????????????????
  ?
• Eg. George says he is going to leave Shanghai,
  but I dont think he really wants to.
• You may go if you wish to.
• He always speaks faster than he needs to.

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• 2. ??????????
• ????to????and?or???,?????????????
• Eg. I intend to call on him and discuss this
  question again.
• She asked me to telephone or wire to her on
  Monday.
• Please go to the seaside to swim, to get
  suntanned.

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• 3. ?????to???to?????
• A. ????to
• B. ????/????to
• C. ??-ed????to
• D. ?????????to
• E. ?????to
• F. ????to
• G. ???to???????

21

• ????????add to, agree to, adhere to, admit to,
  allude to, amount to, attend to, attest to, bow
  to, cling to, come to, correspond to, confess to,
  consent to, contribute to, object to, get to,
  pertain to, react to, resort to, submit to,
  succeed to, stick to, swear to, take to, trust
  to, witness to, yield to?

22

• ????????ascribe...to, apply...to,
  attribute...to, abbreviate...to, accustom ...to,
  devote...to, dedicate...to, owe...to,
  prefer...to, reconcile...to, reduce...to,
  resign...to ?

23

• ????????be accustomed to, be abbreviated to, be
  reduced to, be resigned to, be reconciled to, be
  devoted to, be given to, be used to ?

24

• ????????
• Get round to, get down to, get near to, face up
  to, feel up to, look forward to ?

25

• ????????
• Adjacent to, averse to, deaf to, equal to, loyal
  to, preferable to, similar to, superior to,
  sensitive to, tantamount to ?

26

• ????????
• Obstacle to, limit to, aid to, objection to,
  indifference to, key to, answer to, hinderance to

27

• ??????????
• According to, as to, owing to, preliminary to,
  preparatory to, previous to, prior to, thanks to,
  in addition to, in relation to, with a view to,
  with an eye to....