THE FOUR SKILLS:

1
THE FOUR SKILLS

• SENDING SPEAKING
• WRITING
• RECEIVING LISTENING
• READING
• Each skill may need a separate approach, or they
  may be integrated into a single approach.

2
V. DEVELOPING ORAL SKILLS

• 3. Use of the phonetic script and the
  (Pronouncing) Dictionary

3
V. DEVELOPING ORAL SKILLS (continued)

• 4. Pronunciation of Sentences
• intonation and rhythm

4
Vowels of English

• (Pure Vowels/Monophthongs)
  initially medially finally
• 1. /i/ east sheet key
• 2. /I/ it hit duty
• 3. /e / end send
• 4. /æ/ and sand
• 5. /a/ art heart car
• 6. /?/ ox fox

5
Vowels of English (continued)

• initially medially finally
• 7. /?/ all ball saw
• 8. /U/ put
• 9. /u/ ooze choose chew
• 10./?/ up cup
• 11./?/ earn learn stir
• 12./?/ ago police maker

6
Vowels of English (continued)Diphthongs

• 13. /e?/ eight straight stay
• 14. /??/ oak joke slow
• 15. /a?/ ice mice my
• 16./a?/ out shout how
• 17. /??/ oil boil boy
• 18. /??/ ears beard peer
• 19. /e?/ airs paired hare
• 20. /u?/ cured tour

7
Consonants of English

• initially medially finally
• 1. /p/ pin spin keep
• 2. /b/ bin tubs club
• 3. /t/ tell stick light
• 4. /d/ day heads laid
• 5. /k/ keep skill stick
• 6. /g/ get jugs bag

8
Consonants of English (continued)

• initially medially finally
• 7. /?/ chin reached teach
• 8. / ? / joke hinged large
• 9. /m/ met smoke team
• 10. /n/ net snake tin
• 11. /?/ rings sing
• 12. /l/ lot fling full

9
Consonants of English (continued)

• initially medially finally
• 13 /f/ fan soft if
• 14. /v/ van leaves thief
• 15. /?/ thin months bath
• 16./ð/ then clothes bathe

10
Consonants of English (continued)

• initially medially finally
• 17. /s/ sip list less
• 18. /z/ zip loser buzz
• 19. /?/ ship rushed hush
• 20. /?/ measure rouge

11
Consonants of English (continued)

• initially medially finally
• 21. /h/ hot behave
• 22. /r/ rot try
• 23. /w/ watt sweat
• 24. /j/ yatch tune

12
Word-stress

• Two-syllable words
• Stress on first syllable
• bargain
• govern
• secret
• mischief
• message
• cabbage

• surface
• furnace
• husband
• butcher
• proverb
• thorough
• oven
• onion
• compass

13
Word-stress (continued)

• Stress on second syllable
• admit
• forbid
• succed
• suppress
• police
• payee
• dismiss

• agree
• select
• request
• prefer
• refer
• occur
• arrest
• commence
• perhaps

14
DEVELOPING ORAL SKILLS (continued)

• 3. Use of the phonetic script and the
  (Pronouncing) Dictionary International Phonetic
  Alphabet free downloading is possible
• Dictionaries on CD listening to the
  pronunciation and it variety (e.g. British
  American) now possible

15
DEVELOPING ORAL SKILLS (continued)

• 4. Pronunciation of Sentences
• intonation and rhythm
• INTONATION rising / (yes /)
• falling \ (yes \)
• combination \/ (yes \/)
• RHYTHM de dum de dum
• x x

16
Vowel sounds of English

• (Pure Vowels/Monophthongs)
  initially medially finally
• 1. /i/ east sheet key
• 2. /I/ it hit duty
• 3. /e / end send
• 4. /æ/ and sand
• 5. /a/ art heart car
• 6. /?/ ox fox

17
Vowel sounds of English

• initially medially finally
• 7. /?/ all ball saw
• 8. /U/ put
• 9. /u/ ooze choose chew
• 10./?/ up cup
• 11./?/ earn learn stir
• 12. /?/ ago police maker

18
Vowel sounds of English)Diphthongs

• 13. /e?/ eight straight stay
• 14. /??/ oak joke slow
• 15. /a?/ ice mice my
• 16./a?/ out shout how
• 17. /??/ oil boil boy
• 18. /??/ ears beard peer
• 19. /e?/ airs paired hare
• 20. /u?/ cured tour

19
Consonant sounds of English

• initially medially finally
• 1. /p/ pin spin keep
• 2. /b/ bin tubs club
• 3. /t/ tell stick light
• 4. /d/ day heads laid
• 5. /k/ keep skill stick
• 6. /g/ get jugs bag

20
Consonant sounds of English (continued)

• initially medially finally
• 7. /?/ chin reached teach
• 8. / ? / joke hinged large
• 9. /m/ met smoke team
• 10. /n/ net snake tin
• 11. /?/ rings sing
• 12. /l/ lot fling full

21
Consonant sounds of English (continued)

• initially medially finally
• 13 /f/ fan soft if
• 14. /v/ van leaves thief
• 15. /?/ thin months bath
• 16./ð/ then clothes bathe

22
Consonant sounds of English (continued)

• initially medially finally
• 17. /s/ sip list less
• 18. /z/ zip loser buzz
• 19. /?/ ship rushed hush
• 20. /?/ measure rouge

23
Consonant sounds of English (continued)

• initially medially finally
• 21. /h/ hot behave
• 22. /r/ rot try
• 23. /w/ watt sweat
• 24. /j/ yatch tune

24
Word-stress

• Two-syllable words
• Stress on first syllable
• bargain
• govern
• secret
• mischief
• message
• cabbage

• surface
• furnace
• husband
• butcher
• proverb
• thorough
• oven
• onion
• compass

25
Word-stress)Two-syllable words

• Stress on second syllable
• admit
• forbid
• succed
• suppress
• police
• payee
• dismiss

• agree
• select
• request
• prefer
• refer
• occur
• arrest
• commence
• perhaps

26
Word-stress)Three-syllable words

• Stress on first syllable
• advertise
• educate
• illustrate
• furniture
• government
• literature
• recognize
• signature
• tentative

• Stress on second syllable
• adventure
• commercial
• decision
• external
• internal
• permission
• revision
• spectator
• umbrella

27
Word-stress Three-syllable words

• Primary Stress on third syllable
• ,addressee
• ,cigarette
• ,coincide
• ,devotee
• ,engineer
• ,guarantee
• ,recommend

28
Word-stress Four-syllable words

• Primary Stress on first syllable
• applicable
• accurately
• comfortable
• honourable

• Primary Stress on second syllable
• advertisement
• appreciate
• arithmetic
• exaggerate
• participate
• photography

29
Word-stress Four-syllable words

• Primary Stress on third syllable
• accidental
• application
• exhibition
• independent
• individual

• Primary Stress on fourth syllable
• dedicatee
• examinee

30
Word-stress (words with more than four syllables

• Primary Stress on first syllable
• favouritism
• cannibalism
• secularism
• Primary Stress on second syllable
• adventurousness
• enthusiasm
• conservatism

• Primary Stress on third syllable
• electricity
• irresponsible
• popularity
• Primary Stress on fourth syllable
• academician
• civilization
• pacticipation

31
Word-stress stress change according to part of
speech

• COMPARE
• Noun/Adjective Verb
• absent absent
• accent accent
• concert concert
• conflict conflict
• export export
• produce produce
• subject subject