Chapter Thirty:

1
Bentley Ziegler, TRADITIONS AND ENCOUNTERS, 2/e

• Chapter Thirty
• Revolutions and National States in the
  Atlantic World

2
Todays Big Questions

• From where did the ideas behind the great
  revolutions of the 18th century come?
• What were the similarities? What were the
  differences between these revolutions?
• What were the consequences of these revolutions?

3
Chapter ThirtyRevolutions and National States
in the Atlantic World

• Popular Sovereignty and Political Upheaval
• Enlightened and Revolutionary Ideas
• Popular Sovereignty (Hobbes)
• Individual Freedom (Locke)
• Political and Legal Equality (Rousseau)
• Global Influence of Enlightenment Values

4
Crane Brinton, The Anatomy of a Revolution

• Every revolution begins with the problems of the
  Old Regime
• 1st stage increasing dissatisfaction with the
  Old regime, spontaneous acts of protest and
  violence, overthrow
• 2nd stage honeymoon with moderate new
  government
• 3rd stage takeover of the extremists, loss of
  individualism, the government becomes violent and
  excessive
• 4th stage reestablishment of some sort of
  equilibrium, rights, etc., usually under a
  strongman

5
Chapter ThirtyRevolutions and National States
in the Atlantic World

• Popular Sovereignty and Political Upheaval
• The American Revolution
• Tightened British Control of the Colonies
• The Declaration of Independence
• Building an Independent State

6
Chapter ThirtyRevolutions and National States
in the Atlantic World

• Popular Sovereignty and Political Upheaval
• The French Revolution
• The Estates General
• The National Assembly
• Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
• The Convention
• The Directory

7
Chapter ThirtyRevolutions and National States
in the Atlantic World

• Popular Sovereignty and Political Upheaval
• The Reign of Napoleon
• Napoleonic France
• Napoleons Empire
• The Fall of Napoleon

8
Chapter ThirtyRevolutions and National States
in the Atlantic World

• The Influence of Revolution
• The Haitian Revolution
• Saint-Domingue Society
• Slave Revolt
• Toussaint Louverture
• The Republic of Haiti

9
Chapter ThirtyRevolutions and National States
in the Atlantic World

• The Influence of Revolution
• Wars of Independence in Latin America
• Latin American Society
• Mexican Independence
• Simón Bolívar
• Brazilian Independence

10
Chapter ThirtyRevolutions and National States
in the Atlantic World

• The Influence of Revolution
• The Emergence of Ideologies Conservatism and
  Liberalism
• Edmund Burke and Conservatism
• John Stuart Mill and Liberalism

11
Chapter ThirtyRevolutions and National States
in the Atlantic World

• The Influence of Revolution
• Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals
  Slavery
• Movements to End the Slave Trade
• Movements to Abolish Slavery
• Freedom without Equality

12
Chapter ThirtyRevolutions and National States
in the Atlantic World

• The Influence of Revolution
• Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals
  Womens Rights
• Enlightenment Ideals and Women
• Women and Revolution
• Womens Rights Movements

13
Chapter ThirtyRevolutions and National States
in the Atlantic World

• The Consolidation of National States in Europe
• Nations and Nationalism
• Cultural Nationalism

14
Chapter ThirtyRevolutions and National States
in the Atlantic World

• The Consolidation of National States in Europe
• Nations and Nationalism
• Cultural Nationalism
• Political Nationalism
• Nationalism and Anti-Semitism
• Zionism

15
Chapter ThirtyRevolutions and National States
in the Atlantic World

• The Consolidation of National States in Europe
• The Unification of Italy and Germany
• Cavour and Garibaldi
• Otto Von Bismarck

16
(No Transcript)
17
Chapter ThirtyRevolutions and National States
in the Atlantic World

• Sources From The Past
• The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the
  Citizen

Men are born and remain free and equal in
rights. Social distinctions may be based only on
common utility. - The Declaration of Rights
of Man and Citizen
18
Chapter ThirtyRevolutions and National States
in the Atlantic World

• Sources From The Past
• The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the
  Female Citizen

Woman is born free and lives equal to man in her
rights. Social distinctions can be based only on
the common utility. - The Declaration of
Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen
19
Todays Big Questions

• The revolutions were to a large extent
  revolutions of both ideas and circumstance.
  However, the ideas were an extension of
  enlightenment thought
• The revolutions were NOT the same indeed, one
  might question whether the revolution in the
  Americas was even that
• The impact of the revolutions were multiple. (a)
  In the countries in which they occurred, they
  conditioned politics for many years to come. (b)
  Externally, they bequeathed the notion of
  nationalism. (c) the revolutionary era also
  witnessed the birth of modern ideologies
  conservatism and liberalism

20
The End