Matter

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Counting Particles
Matter
Atomic Theory
P.T. Trends
Grab Bag
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What is Chemistry?
The Study of Matter
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What is the name for a substance that cannot be
broken down by either chemical or physical
means?
An Element
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What is the name for a substance that contains 2
or more elements and cannot be broken down by
physical means?
Compound
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What is a combination of 2 or more substances
that can be separated by physical means?
A mixture
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What type of mixture is not uniformly blended?
Heterogenous Mixture
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What is a cation?
A positively charged ion
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What type of mixture is uniformly blended?
Homogenous mixture
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• Most of the mass of an atom is found where?

The Nucleus
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Most of an atom is made up of what?
Empty Space
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What is the mass of a proton in AMUs?
1 amu
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What is the mass of an electron?
Essentially Zero
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What two particles masses are used in
determining the atomic mass number?
Protons Neutrons
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Which scientists gold foil experiment helped to
show that most of an atom is empty space?
Rutherford
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What does the atomic number of an element mean?
The number of protons
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How do you determine the number of electrons in a
neutral atom?
of electrons atomic number
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What is an isotope?
An element with a different number of neutrons
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How many protons and neutrons does 37Cl have?
17 protons and 20 neutrons
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How many electrons does 20Ca2 have?
18 electrons
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What kind of energy does an excited electron
typically emit?
Light
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What is electron affinity?
An atoms desire to grab an extra electron
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What is the periodic trend for electron affinity?
Increases from left to right
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What is the periodic trend for ionization energy
Increases from left to right
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What are the two periodic trends for atomic
radius?
Decreases from left to right Increases from top
to bottom
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Why does atomic radius increase as you move from
the top to the bottom of the Periodic Table?
Extra shells are added
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Which type of elements are found to the left of
the stairs?
Metals
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Name 3 characteristics of metals
Good conductors Shiny luster Malleable Ductile Sol
ids at room temp Tend to lose electrons
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What are valence electrons?
Electrons in the outermost shell
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How many valence electrons does an atom with an
electron configuration of 2-8-18-5 have?
5 valence electrons
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What is sublimation?
A change in phase from a solid directly into a gas
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What are the only 2 elements that are liquids at
room temperature on the periodic table?
Bromine and Mercury
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Final Jeopardy
Category
Periodic Trends
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Define Ionization Energy.
The amount of energy required to remove the
outermost electron of an atom.