Types of bone cells:

1
BIOL 2010 Human Anatomy Physiology I
What are the histological features of bone?
Types of bone cells
(Most likely to have osteo)
2
What are the other categories of bone besides the
shapes (ex. Long, irregular etc.)?
Bone is classified depending on the arrangement
of cells and matrix.
Types
________ Collagen fibers are __________ arranged
________ Collagen fibers are arranged _________
3
What are the other categories of bone besides the
shapes (ex. Long, irregular etc.)?
Types
__________ (_______) Network of mineralized
bone (_____________) with many spaces
___________ fills up these spaces in life
4
Types
Cancellous (spongy)
Referring back to our discussion of striae and
collagen fibers, what direction do you suppose
the trabeculae align in relation to stress?
5
What are the other categories of bone besides the
shapes (ex. Long, irregular etc.)?
Types
_________ Dense _______ bone that is
mineralized (mature) with numerous units
(________) arranged around ___________ _________
Compare this photomicrograph to the diagram and
locate the listed structures
6
Take 5!!!
Compact bone has a specialized canal system for
the transport of nutrients and waste products.
Why isnt such a system necessary in cancellous
bone?
Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer.
7
OK Mary, we know about your cartilage so how
does your bone grow?
2 patterns of ossification (compared in table
6.2) __________________ ______________
Originally _________ tissue __________
Originally ________ that is ossified
Note Both types start as ________ ______, which
is remodeled as it matures
8
How does your bone grow?
Intramembranous Ossification

• Occurs during _______ __________ and finishes
  by 2 years of age
• Woven bone fibers connect and thicken forming
  ________ (cancellous bone)
• Outer layer of __________ create outer layer of
  ________

9
How does your bone grow?
Endochondral Ossification

• Occurs during fetal development and finishes
  by ______________
• Hyaline _______ ______ formed
• Presence of blood vessels on periphery cause
  _________ to become _______
• Internal chondrocytes die and are replaced by
  ________ and ______ cells

10
How does your bone grow?
Endochondral Ossification

• Hyaline cartilage model formed everything is
  __________

• Blood vessels invading ______________ stimulate
  __________ cells to become ______________

• Perichondrium now becomes _______________

• New osteoblasts form ________ _________

11
How does your bone grow?

• Buds of connective tissue from ___________
  invade cartilage model. Bring in osteogenic
  cells.

Then what happens?

• Osteoblasts form bone as ______ _______ enlarges

• Bone growth progresses towards ___________
  medullary cavity enlarges

12
How does your bone grow?

• Osteoblasts form bone in __________ __________
  center, beginning of ___________

13
How does your bone grow?

• When bone is mature epiphyseal plate is ossified
  and becomes epiphyseal ______

14
Take 5!!!
During endochondral ossification, calcification
of cartilage results in the death of
chondrocytes. Later in the process, ossification
of the bone matrix does not result in the death
of osteocytes. Why is this so?
Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer.
15
How does your bone grow?
Can bone display interstitial growth?
Weve talked about bone growth in length what
about diameter?

• Appositional _________ and _________

16
How does your bone grow?
17
How does your bone grow?

• Factors affecting bone growth
• _________ Proteins Vitamins D C
• _________ Growth hormone Thyroid
  hormone Sex hormones

Needed for _______ portion of _______
Needed for ___ ________ and _______ formation
___________ overall growth
Stimulates bone ________ and works with _____
Stimulates bone growth BUT also closure of
__________ ______
18
What different types of bone injuries are there?
Fractures
Bones can succumb to stress resulting in a
fracture Fractures categorized based on1)
__________ _________ damage
Need a good picture 5pts. e.c.
_______ _______ _______
Open wound extends to fracture
No perforation of soft tissue
Closed soft tissue damage
19
What different types of bone injuries are there?
Fractures
Fractures categorized based on2) ________ of
bone damage
_________ _________
gt or 2 fragments
NOT in 2 fragments
20
What different types of bone injuries are there?
Fractures
Fractures categorized based on3) _______ of
bone damage
Ex. _________ _________
Others Displaced and non-, depressed,
epiphyseal, and avulsion
21
How do bones heal?
Bone repair in 5 steps or less
1) __________ forms(blood confined in a space or
organ) Clot formation includes protein mesh of
_______
2) __________ ____ forms
Clot is replaced by internal callus Fibers, then
cartilage, then bone
22
How do bones heal?
3) _______ ______ forms Forms cartilage, then
bone support
4) __________ ________ in external and internal
calluses 5) ___________ of bone
Clean up dead bone, reshape medullary cavity and
compact bone of external callus
23
How do bones heal?
Fractures
Rate of healing is dependent in part on ______
_____ on the bone. Which person will heal more
quickly? Why? Also on _______ activity.
Sometimes electrical current applied to speed
healing process.
24
How does the Skeletal System regulate Ca P?
Ca and P homeostasis
_________ needed for nerve cell action, muscle
contraction, blood clotting and more
________ needed as a component of ATP, DNA and
RNA
Why are these elements important?
25
How does the Skeletal System regulate Ca P?
Ca and P homeostasis regulated in part via 2
hormones
______(parathyroid hormone)comes from _________
_______
__________minor role secreted by ________
_______
26
How does the Skeletal System regulate Ca P?
PTHPTH blood Ca via bone and kidney
activities Calcitoninminor role Calcitonin
blood Ca