Cell Structure

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Cell Structure Function

• Cell Organelles (part b)

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Mitochondria

• Key Concept
• Mitochondria use energy from food to make
  high-energy compounds that the cell can use to
  power growth, development, and movement.

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Mitochondria

• Organelles that release energy from stored food
  molecules
• Enclosed by two envelope membranes.
• Outer Membrane
• Inner Membrane
• which folds within the outer membrane

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Mitochondria
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Mitochondria

• Found in all eukaryotic cells including plants
  and algae

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Vacuoles

• Storage for
• Water
• Salts
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates

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Vacuoles

• Found in
• Plants
• Single Celled Organisms

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Lysozymes

• Packaged in the Golgi Apparatus
• Filled with enzymes that break down
  Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins.
• Used to break down debris and invading organisms

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Cell Wall

• Found In Made Of
• Plants Cellulose
• Algae Cellulose
• Fungi Chitin
• Prokaryotes Peptidoglycan
• (Nearly All)

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Cell Wall

• Lies Outside the Cell Membrane
• Allows Passage Of
• Water
• Oxygen
• Carbon Dioxide
• Plus other substances

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Cell Wall

• Key Concept
• The main function of the cell wall is to provide
  support and protection for the cell

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Cell Wall

• Made of fibers produced inside the cell
• Released by the Cell Membrane
• Assemble to form the Cell Wall outside of the
  Cell Membrane

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Plant Cell Wall
SeeNext Slide
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Plant Cell Wall
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Chloroplasts

• Key Concept
• Chloroplasts use the energy from sunlight to make
  energy rich food molecules in a process known as
  photosynthesis

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Chloroplasts

• Not found in animals and fungi
• Are found in plants and some single celled
  organisms
• A green pigment, Chlorophyll is located in the
  photosynthetic membranes

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Chloroplasts

• Enclosed by two envelope membranes
• Contain stacks (granum) of photosynthetic
  membranes (thylakoids)

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Endosymbiotic Theory
Lynn Margulis
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Organelle DNA

• Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
• contain their own DNA
• Does not interact with nuclear DNA
• Nuclear DNA does NOT code for the Organelles

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Endosymbiotic Theory

• Are Chloroplast and Mitochondria
• ancient prokaryotes living in a symbiotic
  relationship with our Eukaryote cells?

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Endosymbiotic Theory

• Chloroplasts Cyanobacteria?
• Mitochondria Anaerobic
• Heterotrophs?