IN-TEXT CITATION

1
IN-TEXT CITATION

• Avoiding Plagiarism

2
Academic writing often involves quotation. We
cite what others have said on topics of interest
to us, either to elucidate a point, or to
corroborate a claim that we have made.
3
It is, of course, our ethical responsibility to
give credit where credit is due. It is not fair
to use the original ideas of others without
crediting the source.
4
When we present information derived from a source
other than our own mind, it is our responsibility
to say where that information came from. Unless
the information can reasonably be deemed common
knowledge, scholars must acknowledge their
sources.
5
Common knowledge is information which can be
located in five or more places (i.e., in any
number of encyclopedia, in a reference text, in a
book, on-line, etc.).
6
No matter how quoted material is presented, it
must be acknowledged. Please be aware that
there are three specific methods of quotation
7
Three Types of Quotation

• 1.
• 2.
• 3.

8
Three Types of Quotation

• Direct quotation
• 2.
• 3.

9
Three Types of Quotation

• Direct quotation Copying word-for-word.
• 2.
• 3.

10
Three Types of Quotation

• Direct quotation Copying word-for-word.
• Paraphrase
• 3.

11
Three Types of Quotation

• Direct quotation Copying word-for-word.
• Paraphrase Expressing the writers intent in
  your own words.
• 3.

12
Three Types of Quotation

1. Direct quotation Copying word-for-word.
2. Paraphrase Expressing the writers intent in
   your own words.
3. Summary

13
Three Types of Quotation

1. Direct quotation Copying word-for-word.
2. Paraphrase Expressing the writers intent in
   your own words.
3. Summary Briefly restating the writers ideas.

14
Naturally, the goal of in-text citation is to
avoid plagiarism, which is the unethical use of
anothers words or ideas.

• Plagiarism amounts to academic theft and is
  deservedly litigable.

15
According to the MLA Handbook for Writers of
Research Papers, the following constitute
plagiarism
16
According to the MLA Handbook for Writers of
Research Papers, the following constitute
plagiarism

• Copying word for word from another source
  without acknowledging it.

17
According to the MLA Handbook for Writers of
Research Papers, the following constitute
plagiarism

• Copying word for word from another source
  without acknowledging it.
• Paraphrasing or summarizing another source
  without acknowledging it.

18
According to the MLA Handbook for Writers of
Research Papers, the following constitute
plagiarism

• Copying word for word from another source
  without acknowledging it.
• Paraphrasing or summarizing another source
  without acknowledging it.
• Adopting a particularly apt turn of phrase as if
  it were your own.

19
According to the MLA Handbook for Writers of
Research Papers, the following constitute
plagiarism

• Copying word for word from another source
  without acknowledging it.
• Paraphrasing or summarizing another source
  without acknowledging it.
• Adopting a particularly apt turn of phrase as if
  it were your own.
• Using an image or a copy of an image without
  crediting the source.

20
According to the MLA Handbook for Writers of
Research Papers, the following constitute
plagiarism

• Copying word for word from another source
  without acknowledging it.
• Paraphrasing or summarizing another source
  without acknowledging it.
• Adopting a particularly apt turn of phrase as if
  it were your own.
• Using an image or a copy of an image without
  crediting the source.
• Paraphrasing anothers line of thinking as if it
  were your own.

21
According to the MLA Handbook for Writers of
Research Papers, the following constitute
plagiarism

• Copying word for word from another source
  without acknowledging it.
• Paraphrasing or summarizing another source
  without acknowledging it.
• Adopting a particularly apt turn of phrase as if
  it were your own.
• Using an image or a copy of an image without
  crediting the source.
• Paraphrasing anothers line of thinking as if it
  were your own.
• Receiving excessive help from a friend (or,
  indeed, from any source).

22
According to the MLA Handbook for Writers of
Research Papers, the following constitute
plagiarism

• Copying word for word from another source
  without acknowledging it.
• Paraphrasing or summarizing another source
  without acknowledging it.
• Adopting a particularly apt turn of phrase as if
  it were your own.
• Using an image or a copy of an image without
  crediting the source.
• Paraphrasing anothers line of thinking as if it
  were your own.
• Receiving excessive help from a friend (or,
  indeed, from any source).
• Using anothers project as if it were your own.

23
Plagiarism is of two types
24
Plagiarism is of two types

1. Deliberate

25
Plagiarism is of two types

1. Deliberate
2. Inadvertent

26
Plagiarism is of two types

1. Deliberate
2. Inadvertent

Clearly, the former is worse than the latter.
However, inadvertent plagiarism is a matter of
neglect on the part of the researcher and must be
avoided.
27
In an effort to guard against plagiarism, the
Modern Language Association has devised a simple
but effective method of signal phrases and
parentheses to show where quotations begin and
end.

• Signal Phrases
• Parentheses

28
The goal, of course, is that readers should know
when quoted material of any type is present.
29
A signal phrase is more or less an on switch.

• The parenthesis is the off switch.

• When a reader sees the signal phrase, she is
  instantly alerted that the material which follows
  is a quotation and does not originate with the
  writer.

• She also knows, as soon as she reaches the
  parenthesis, that the quotation is over.

30
In-text Citations The Pattern
31
In-text Citations The Pattern
Signal Phrase
32
In-text Citations The Pattern
Signal Phrase Quotation
33
In-text Citations The Pattern
Signal Phrase Quotation Parenthetic
Documentation
34
In-text Citations The Pattern
Signal Phrase Quotation Parenthetic
Documentation
According to Richard Fogle, critical opinion
has been unanimous in terming the poetry of
Shelley abstract (13).
35
Signal Phrases
Signal phrases are introductory phrases which
clue the reader in to the fact that a quotation
is coming.
36
Signal Phrases
Signal phrases are introductory phrases which
clue the reader in to the fact that a quotation
is coming. Here are some examples, although
the variants are limitless
37
Signal Phrases

• Signal phrases are introductory phrases which
  clue the reader in to the fact that a quotation
  is coming.
• Here are some examples, although the variants are
  limitless
• According to Bruno Bettelheim, . . .

38
Signal Phrases

• Signal phrases are introductory phrases which
  clue the reader in to the fact that a quotation
  is coming.
• Here are some examples, although the variants are
  limitless
• According to Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• In the words of Bruno Bettelheim, . . .

39
Signal Phrases

• Signal phrases are introductory phrases which
  clue the reader in to the fact that a quotation
  is coming.
• Here are some examples, although the variants are
  limitless
• According to Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• In the words of Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• Dr. Bruno Bettelheim has claimed that . . .

40
Signal Phrases

• Signal phrases are introductory phrases which
  clue the reader in to the fact that a quotation
  is coming.
• Here are some examples, although the variants are
  limitless
• According to Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• In the words of Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• Dr. Bruno Bettelheim has claimed that . . .
• The research of Dr. Bruno Bettelheim suggests
  that . . .

41
Signal Phrases

• Signal phrases are introductory phrases which
  clue the reader in to the fact that a quotation
  is coming.
• Here are some examples, although the variants are
  limitless
• According to Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• In the words of Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• Dr. Bruno Bettelheim has claimed that . . .
• The research of Dr. Bruno Bettelheim suggests
  that . . .
• To cite Bruno Bettelheim, . . .

42
Signal Phrases

• Signal phrases are introductory phrases which
  clue the reader in to the fact that a quotation
  is coming.
• Here are some examples, although the variants are
  limitless
• According to Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• In the words of Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• Dr. Bruno Bettelheim has claimed that . . .
• The research of Dr. Bruno Bettelheim suggests
  that . . .
• To cite Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• Dr. Bruno Bettelheim once said, . . .

43
Signal Phrases

• Signal phrases are introductory phrases which
  clue the reader in to the fact that a quotation
  is coming.
• Here are some examples, although the variants are
  limitless
• According to Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• In the words of Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• Dr. Bruno Bettelheim has claimed that . . .
• The research of Dr. Bruno Bettelheim suggests
  that . . .
• To cite Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• Dr. Bruno Bettelheim once said, . . .
• Bruno Bettelheim observed that . . .

44
Signal Phrases

• Signal phrases are introductory phrases which
  clue the reader in to the fact that a quotation
  is coming.
• Here are some examples, although the variants are
  limitless
• According to Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• In the words of Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• Dr. Bruno Bettelheim has claimed that . . .
• The research of Dr. Bruno Bettelheim suggests
  that . . .
• To cite Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• Dr. Bruno Bettelheim once said, . . .
• Bruno Bettelheim observed that . . .
• Dr. Bettelheim explains that . . .

45
Signal Phrases

• Signal phrases are introductory phrases which
  clue the reader in to the fact that a quotation
  is coming.
• Here are some examples, although the variants are
  limitless
• According to Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• In the words of Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• Dr. Bruno Bettelheim has claimed that . . .
• The research of Dr. Bruno Bettelheim suggests
  that . . .
• To cite Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• Dr. Bruno Bettelheim once said, . . .
• Bruno Bettelheim observed that . . .
• Dr. Bettelheim explains that . . .
• Bruno Bettelheim contends that . . .

46
Signal Phrases

• Signal phrases are introductory phrases which
  clue the reader in to the fact that a quotation
  is coming.
• Here are some examples, although the variants are
  limitless
• According to Bruno Bettelheim . . .
• In the words of Bruno Bettelheim . . .
• Dr. Bruno Bettelheim has claimed that . . .
• The research of Dr. Bruno Bettelheim suggests
  that . . .
• To cite Bruno Bettelheim, . . .
• Dr. Bruno Bettelheim once said, . . .
• Bruno Bettelheim observed that . . .
• Dr. Bettelheim explains that . . .
• Bruno Bettelheim contends that . . .
• etc.

47
Now that you have used a signal phrase to set
your reader up for a quotation, its time to move
on to the quotation itselfAs you will
remember, there are three kinds of quotation

1. Direct quotation Copying word-for-word.
2. Paraphrase Expressing the writers intent in
   your own words.
3. Summary Briefly restating the writers ideas.

48
Direct Quotations

• Direct quotations cite the text directlyin
  other words, you copy the original text
  word-for-word, with no variation.

Remember, direct quotation is as near to
plagiarism as you can come.
For that reason, direct quotation should be used
SPARINGLY.
Direct quotation may be used to cite (a) poetry,
(b) literary passages of exceptional quality, or
(c) prose where the authors words are so
memorable as to deserve no other form of
expression.
49
Direct Quotations
In general, direct quotations are introduced by a
signal phrase and a comma According to Humphrey
House, For thousands now alive a passionate love
of Shelley was a major experience in their young
development (47).
50
Direct Quotations
In general, direct quotations are introduced by a
signal phrase and a comma According to Humphrey
House, For thousands now alive a passionate love
of Shelley was a major experience in their young
development (47). However, there is no comma
required after the word that
51
Direct Quotations
In general, direct quotations are introduced by a
signal phrase and a comma According to Humphrey
House, For thousands now alive a passionate love
of Shelley was a major experience in their young
development (47). However, there is no comma
required after the word that Humphrey House
insists that for thousands now alive a
passionate love of Shelley was a major experience
in their young development (47).
52
Types of Direct Quotation
There are essentially two types of direct
quotationshort and long. 1. 2.
53
Types of Direct Quotation
There are essentially two types of direct
quotationshort and long. 1. A short
quotation consists of no more than three
lines. 2.
54
Types of Direct Quotation
There are essentially two types of direct
quotationshort and long. 1. A short
quotation consists of no more than three
lines. 2. A long quotation consists of four
lines or more.
55
Short Quotations Short quotations are placed
inside quotation marks
56
Short Quotations Short quotations are placed
inside quotation marks
House says of Shelley that his poetry enthralls
boys (girls rather less, I fancy) as no other
poetry enthralls them (47-8).
57
Short Quotations Poetry
58
Short Quotations Poetry
Quoting poetry or song has some special
requirements all of its own. When quoting a
short selection of poetry, the line divisions
must be shown as follows
59
Short Quotations Poetry
Quoting poetry or song has some special
requirements all of its own. When quoting a
short selection of poetry, the line divisions
must be shown as follows
Frost considered the path that lay before him,
Then took the other, as just as fair / And
having perhaps the better claim / Because it was
grassy and wanted wear (5). In other words, he
chose the path because it wasnt quite so popular
as the other and would give him more leeway as an
individual.
60
Short Quotations Poetry
Quoting poetry or song has some special
requirements all of its own. When quoting a
short selection of poetry, the line divisions
must be shown as follows
Frost considered the path that lay before him,
Then took the other, as just as fair / And
having perhaps the better claim / Because it was
grassy and wanted wear (5). In other words, he
chose the path because it wasnt quite so popular
as the other and would give him more leeway as an
individual.
Note that the slash has a space on each side.
61
Long Quotations Long quotations are blocked,
i.e., they are typographically set apart from the
rest of the text by being indented ten spaces.
Blocked quotations do not require quotation marks.
62
Spalding 2 assumption merely,
both Kreon and Teiresias of political ambition,
asserting his assumed superiorit over
rivals, seers, and the gods themselves in
those reckless words Has your mystic mummery
ever approached the truth? When that hellcat the
sphinx was performing here, What help were you
to these people? Her magic was not for the first
man who came along It demanded a real exorcist.
Your birds What good were they? Or the gods,
for the matter of that? But I came by, Oedipus,
the simple man, who knows nothing I thought it
out for myself, no birds helped me! And this is
the man you think you can destroy, That you may
be close to Kreon when hes king! (759-60)
And there we have it. Hubris, overweening
pride, is the great flaw that Oedipus has
harbored in his heart these many years. Wrath
is his downfall now, just as it was all
those years earlier when he unwittingly
slaughtered his own father and married his
mother. It is arrogance, always, which
destroys greatness and humbles the mighty.
Caesars elevation to the rank of a god could
not protect him from the knives of those
he called his friends. Hitlers belief in the
supremacy of
63
Spalding 2 assumption merely,
both Kreon and Teiresias of political ambition,
asserting his assumed superiorit over
rivals, seers, and the gods themselves in
those reckless words Has your mystic mummery
ever approached the truth? When that hellcat the
sphinx was performing here, What help were you
to these people? Her magic was not for the first
man who came along It demanded a real exorcist.
Your birds What good were they? Or the gods,
for the matter of that? But I came by, Oedipus,
the simple man, who knows nothing I thought it
out for myself, no birds helped me! And this is
the man you think you can destroy, That you may
be close to Kreon when hes king! (759-60)
And there we have it. Hubris, overweening
pride, is the great flaw that Oedipus has
harbored in his heart these many years. Wrath
is his downfall now, just as it was all
those years earlier when he unwittingly
slaughtered his own father and married his
mother. It is arrogance, always, which
destroys greatness and humbles the mighty.
Caesars elevation to the rank of a god could
not protect him from the knives of those
he called his friends. Hitlers belief in the
supremacy of
Block Quotation Indent one inch or ten spaces.
64
Spalding 2 assumption merely,
both Kreon and Teiresias of political ambition,
asserting his assumed superiorit over
rivals, seers, and the gods themselves in
those reckless words Has your mystic mummery
ever approached the truth? When that hellcat the
sphinx was performing here, What help were you
to these people? Her magic was not for the first
man who came along It demanded a real exorcist.
Your birds What good were they? Or the gods,
for the matter of that? But I came by, Oedipus,
the simple man, who knows nothing I thought it
out for myself, no birds helped me! And this is
the man you think you can destroy, That you may
be close to Kreon when hes king! (759-60)
And there we have it. Hubris, overweening
pride, is the great flaw that Oedipus has
harbored in his heart these many years. Wrath
is his downfall now, just as it was all
those years earlier when he unwittingly
slaughtered his own father and married his
mother. It is arrogance, always, which
destroys greatness and humbles the mighty.
Caesars elevation to the rank of a god could
not protect him from the knives of those
he called his friends. Hitlers belief in the
supremacy of
Block Quotation Indent one inch or ten spaces.
65
Spalding 2 assumption merely,
both Kreon and Teiresias of political ambition,
asserting his assumed superiorit over
rivals, seers, and the gods themselves in
those reckless words Has your mystic mummery
ever approached the truth? When that hellcat the
sphinx was performing here, What help were you
to these people? Her magic was not for the first
man who came along It demanded a real exorcist.
Your birds What good were they? Or the gods,
for the matter of that? But I came by, Oedipus,
the simple man, who knows nothing I thought it
out for myself, no birds helped me! And this is
the man you think you can destroy, That you may
be close to Kreon when hes king! (759-60)
And there we have it. Hubris, overweening
pride, is the great flaw that Oedipus has
harbored in his heart these many years. Wrath
is his downfall now, just as it was all
those years earlier when he unwittingly
slaughtered his own father and married his
mother. It is arrogance, always, which
destroys greatness and humbles the mighty.
Caesars elevation to the rank of a god could
not protect him from the knives of those
he called his friends. Hitlers belief in the
supremacy of
Please note, there are no quotation marks at the
beginning or end of a block quotation.
66
Spalding 2 assumption merely,
both Kreon and Teiresias of political ambition,
asserting his assumed superiorit over
rivals, seers, and the gods themselves in
those reckless words Has your mystic mummery
ever approached the truth? When that hellcat the
sphinx was performing here, What help were you
to these people? Her magic was not for the first
man who came along It demanded a real exorcist.
Your birds What good were they? Or the gods,
for the matter of that? But I came by, Oedipus,
the simple man, who knows nothing I thought it
out for myself, no birds helped me! And this is
the man you think you can destroy, That you may
be close to Kreon when hes king!
And there we have it. Hubris, overweening pride,
is the great flaw that Oedipus has
harbored in his heart these many years. Wrath
is his downfall now, just as it was all
those years earlier when he unwittingly
slaughtered his own father and married his
mother. It is arrogance, always, which
destroys greatness and humbles the mighty.
Caesars elevation to the rank of a god could
not protect him from the knives of those
he called his friends. Hitlers belief in the
supremacy of
Please note, there are no quotation marks at the
beginning or end of a block quotation.
67
Spalding 2 assumption merely,
both Kreon and Teiresias of political ambition,
asserting his assumed superiorit over
rivals, seers, and the gods themselves in
those reckless words Has your mystic mummery
ever approached the truth? When that hellcat the
sphinx was performing here, What help were you
to these people? Her magic was not for the first
man who came along It demanded a real exorcist.
Your birds What good were they? Or the gods,
for the matter of that? But I came by, Oedipus,
the simple man, who knows nothing I thought it
out for myself, no birds helped me! And this is
the man you think you can destroy, That you may
be close to Kreon when hes king! (759-60)
And there we have it. Hubris, overweening
pride, is the great flaw that Oedipus has
harbored in his heart these many years. Wrath
is his downfall now, just as it was all
those years earlier when he unwittingly
slaughtered his own father and married his
mother. It is arrogance, always, which
destroys greatness and humbles the mighty.
Caesars elevation to the rank of a god could
not protect him from the knives of those
he called his friends. Hitlers belief in the
supremacy of
Note that in a block quotation, the parenthesis
goes outside the period.
68
Spalding 2 assumption merely,
both Kreon and Teiresias of political ambition,
asserting his assumed superiorit over
rivals, seers, and the gods themselves in
those reckless words Has your mystic mummery
ever approached the truth? When that hellcat the
sphinx was performing here, What help were you
to these people? Her magic was not for the first
man who came along It demanded a real exorcist.
Your birds What good were they? Or the gods,
for the matter of that? But I came by, Oedipus,
the simple man, who knows nothing I thought it
out for myself, no birds helped me! And this is
the man you think you can destroy, That you may
be close to Kreon when hes king! (759-60)
And there we have it. Hubris, overweening
pride, is the great flaw that Oedipus has
harbored in his heart these many years. Wrath
is his downfall now, just as it was all
those years earlier when he unwittingly
slaughtered his own father and married his
mother. It is arrogance, always, which
destroys greatness and humbles the mighty.
Caesars elevation to the rank of a god could
not protect him from the knives of those
he called his friends. Hitlers belief in the
supremacy of
Note that in a block quotation, the parenthesis
goes outside the period.
69
Spalding 2 assumption merely,
both Kreon and Teiresias of political ambition,
asserting his assumed superiorit over
rivals, seers, and the gods themselves in
those reckless words Has your mystic mummery
ever approached the truth? When that hellcat the
sphinx was performing here, What help were you
to these people? Her magic was not for the first
man who came along It demanded a real exorcist.
Your birds What good were they? Or the gods,
for the matter of that? But I came by, Oedipus,
the simple man, who knows nothing I thought it
out for myself, no birds helped me! And this is
the man you think you can destroy, That you may
be close to Kreon when hes king! (759-60)
And there we have it. Hubris, overweening
pride, is the great flaw that Oedipus has
harbored in his heart these many years. Wrath
is his downfall now, just as it was all
those years earlier when he unwittingly
slaughtered his own father and married his
mother. It is arrogance, always, which
destroys greatness and humbles the mighty.
Caesars elevation to the rank of a god could
not protect him from the knives of those
he called his friends. Hitlers belief in the
supremacy of
Please note, there are no quotation marks at the
beginning or end of a block quotation.
Block Quotation Indent one inch or ten spaces.
Note that in a block quotation, the parenthesis
goes outside the period.
70
Parenthetic Documentation
If you were paying attention, you would have
noticed the presence, at the end of each
quotation, of a number in parentheses. The
moment you see this parenthetic notation, you
know that the quotation is over. The number, of
course, is the page number on which the quotation
is found. This number is tied to the Works Cited
page at the end of the paper. The signal phrase
usually provides the information which the reader
needs to locate the appropriate Works Cited entry
(either the authors last name, or the title of
the book or article). When a signal phrase is
not used, then more information may need to be
included in the parenthesis.
71
Parenthetic Documentation
If you were paying attention, you would have
noticed the presence, at the end of each
quotation, of a number in parentheses. The
moment you see this parenthetic notation, you
know that the quotation is over. The number, of
course, is the page number on which the quotation
is found. This number is tied to the Works Cited
page at the end of the paper. The signal phrase
usually provides the information which the reader
needs to locate the appropriate Works Cited entry
(either the authors last name, or the title of
the book or article). When a signal phrase is
not used, then more information may need to be
included in the parenthesis.
House says of Shelley that his poetry enthralls
boys (girls rather less, I fancy) as no other
poetry enthralls them (47-8).
72
Parenthetic Documentation
If you were paying attention, you would have
noticed the presence, at the end of each
quotation, of a number in parentheses. The
moment you see this parenthetic notation, you
know that the quotation is over. The number, of
course, is the page number on which the quotation
is found. This number is tied to the Works Cited
page at the end of the paper. The signal phrase
usually provides the information which the reader
needs to locate the appropriate Works Cited entry
(either the authors last name, or the title of
the book or article). When a signal phrase is
not used, then more information may need to be
included in the parenthesis.
House says of Shelley that his poetry enthralls
boys (girls rather less, I fancy) as no other
poetry enthralls them (47-8).
Please note that the period includes the
parenthetic documentation.
73
Parenthetic Documentation
If you were paying attention, you would have
noticed the presence, at the end of each
quotation, of a number in parentheses. The
moment you see this parenthetic notation, you
know that the quotation is over. The number, of
course, is the page number on which the quotation
is found. This number is tied to the Works Cited
page at the end of the paper. The signal phrase
usually provides the information which the reader
needs to locate the appropriate Works Cited entry
(either the authors last name, or the title of
the book or article). When a signal phrase is
not used, then more information may need to be
included in the parenthesis.
House says of Shelley that his poetry enthralls
boys (girls rather less, I fancy) as no other
poetry enthralls them (47-8).
Apparently, Shelleys poetry enthralls boys . .
. as no other poetry enthralls them (House 47-8).
74
Parenthetic Documentation
If you were paying attention, you would have
noticed the presence, at the end of each
quotation, of a number in parentheses. The
moment you see this parenthetic notation, you
know that the quotation is over. The number, of
course, is the page number on which the quotation
is found. This number is tied to the Works Cited
page at the end of the paper. The signal phrase
usually provides the information which the reader
needs to locate the appropriate Works Cited entry
(either the authors last name, or the title of
the book or article). When a signal phrase is
not used, then more information may need to be
included in the parenthesis.
House says of Shelley that his poetry enthralls
boys (girls rather less, I fancy) as no other
poetry enthralls them (47-8).
Apparently, Shelleys poetry enthralls boys . .
. as no other poetry enthralls them (House 47-8).
Apparently, Shelleys poetry enthralls boys . .
. as no other poetry enthralls them (Shelley
47-8).
75
Congratulations
You now have the basic pattern established for
proper in-text citation and we will move on to
the proper format for the Works Cited page. But
that is another lesson altogether. The End
PowerPoint Presentation by Mark A. Spalding, BA,
MEd, MA, 2007.