Chapter 1 Communicating With Others

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Chapter 1Communicating With Others

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Communication

• Communication
• Process of creating meaning though symbolic
  interaction
• Process of sending/receiving messages
• Verbal
• Nonverbal
• Characteristics of Communication
• Cannot not communicate
• Irreversible
• Learned
• Process/Continuous
• One thing depends on other-Previous knowledge
• Not individual act
• Symbolic-symbols rules make communication
  possible
• Arbitrarily assigned

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Communication Process-Shannon and Weaver

• Interactive process where people exchange
  interpret messages with one another
• 1. Source or sender
• 2. Encoding-thoughts ? messages
• Language, sentences, structure thoughts, ideas
• 3. Message-content being communicated
• 4. Channel-medium of message
• Phone, television, air, computer

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Communication Model Cont.

• 5. Receiver-recipient / target or intended
  audience
• processes messages through their frame of
  reference
• interpretation influenced by the receivers frame
  of reference
• 6. Decoding-interpretation (message-? thoughts)
• 7. Feedback- response

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• Note The following 2 can occur at any point
  during the communication process.
• Noise-interference or interruptions
• Internal
• External
• Context- purpose, time and place, social,
  political and economic atmosphere, physical
  setting, etc.

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• Communication Model

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• Communication as Transaction
• Communication also happens simultaneously.
• Sender also receives message.
• Receiver also sends message.

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Forms of Communication

• Communication is often described according to the
  number of people involved
• 1-Dyadic Communication
• 2-Small Group Communication
• 3-Mass Communication
• between speaker large audience of unknown
  people
• receivers not present
• mediated
• lacks instant feedback/interaction
• 4-Public Speaking
• speaker delivers message with specific purpose
• audience present
• opportunity for feedback

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Public Speaking - elements of public speaking

• Formal
• Allows for instant feedback
• Planned and prepared
• Audience centered
• Cultural sensitivity important in PS
• Context important in PS
• environment/situation in which speech occurs

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Why is public speaking important?

• 1. Career benefits
• Corporations want skilled speakers
• to adapt information,
• to be organized, and
• to keep listeners interested.
• Communication top skills ought by employers.
• 2. Personal benefits
• Helps achieve personal goals (empowerment)
• Allows you to influence
• Allows you to share values-different perspectives
  introduced because of it
• Improves critical thinking and listening skills
• Shows confidence and conviction
• 3. Educational benefits

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Classical Roots of Public Speaking

• Oratory, rhetoric, public speaking-began in
  Greece (Aristotle, Socrates)
• Sophists (travelling speech teachers) contributed
  to early form of democracy by teaching citizens
  of Greece to claim ownership of properties
  through public debates.
• Greek rhetoricians, such as Socrates, Plato and
  Aristotle laid foundation for public debates in
  the democratic process of government
• Ancient Egypt, China, India-public speaking
  viewed as important way to persuade rulers of
  empires to engage in social change in order to
  maintain stability and prosperity.

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• 5 parts to the process of preparing a speech
  according to ancient Greeks
• Canons of Rhetoric
• 1-Invention-adapting speech information to
  audience in order to make case
• 2-Arrangement-organization of speech
• 3-Style-use of language to express ideas
• 4-Memory-practice of the speech for delivery
• 5-Delivery-vocal and nonverbal behavior used
  during speaking

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History of Public Speaking

• 15th Century
• Public speaking used mostly by clergy
• 18th Century
• Public speaking used by American patriots to
  promote independence
• 19th Century
• Public speaking plays role in abolition and
  suffrage movements
• 21st Century
• Technology media revolutionize how people
  communicate

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Critical Thinking 1

• Analyzing a Communication Event
• Consider a recent communication event from your
  life-asking a friend for favor, trying to
  persuade your employer that you were deserving of
  a raise, or resolving a relationship conflict.
  Identify the seven communication components
  within the event and explain how they contributed
  to the success or failure of the communication
  event. Be prepared to discuss your thoughts and
  feelings in class.