CHAPTER 7 - SECTION 3

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CHAPTER 7 - SECTION 3

• POLITICS
• IN THE
• GUILDED AGE

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WHAT DOES A POLITICAL MACHINE DO?
THE
CITY BOSS
WARD BOSS PRECINCT CAPTAINS
PRECINCT WORKERS VOTERS / CITIZENS

• IT CONTROLS A
• POLITICAL
• PARTY
• AND
• OFFERS
• SERVICES
• TO
• VOTERS

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THE ROLE OF POLITICAL BOSSES

• PATRONAGE
• PASS OUT GOVT JOBS
• AWARD GOVT CONTRACTS
• GRANT LICENSES
• HELP IMMIGRANTS
• WITH JOBS, CITIZENSHIP

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PROBLEMS WITH POLITICAL MACHINES

• GRAFT
• ILLEGAL USE OF POLITICAL INFLUENCE FOR PERSONAL
  GAIN
• KICKBACKS
• ILLEGAL PAYMENTS FOR CONTRACTS
• BRIBES
• VOTER FRAUD

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THE TWEED RING SCANDAL

• TAMMANY HALL (NYC)
• CORRUPTION
• EVENTUAL CONVICTION

NYC City Hall 145 million 13 years
WILLIAM MARCY BOSS TWEED
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THOMAS NAST
Self-portrait

• POLITICAL CARTOONIST
• REVEALED TWEED CORRUPTION
• CREDITED WITH CREATING
• REPUBLICAN ELEPHANT
• DEMOCRATIC DONKEY
• UNCLE SAM
• AND SANTA CLAUS

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READ ISAACS STORM BY ERIC LARSON
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THE SPOILS SYSTEM

• TO THE VICTOR GOES THE SPOILS
• PROBLEMS
• 1- UNQUALIFIED WORKERS
• 2- USED FOR PERSONAL GAIN
• 3- UNSTABLE CIVIL SERVICE

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THE CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEM

• JOBS BASED ON MERIT
• NOT GIVEN TO FRIENDS
• JOB RELATED TEST
• PROPOSED IN 1876
• BY PRESIDENT HAYES
• UNSUCCESSFUL

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THE CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEM

• PRES. GARFIELD
• TOOK OFFICE 1881
• KILLED IN 1881
• PRES. CHESTER ARTHUR
• ABLE TO REFORM SYSTEM
• PENDLETON ACT(1883)

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Gentlemen George Pendleton

• U.S.
• HOUSE
• MEMBER
• FROM
• OHIO

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Year Executive branch civilians (1,000) Uniformed military personnel (1,000) Leg jud branch personnel (1,000) Total Fed personnel (1,000)
1993 2,947 1,744 66 4,758
1994 2,908 1,648 63 4,620
1995 2,858 1,555 62 4,475
1996 2,786 1,507 61 4,354
1997 2,725 1,439 62 4,226
1998 2,727 1,407 62 4,196
1999 2,687 1,386 63 4,135
2000 2,639 1,426 63 4,129
2001 2,640 1,428 64 4,132
2002 2,630 1,456 66 4,152
2003 2,666 1,478 65 4,210
2004 2,650 1,473 64 4,187
2005 2,636 1,436 65 4,138
2006 2,637 1,432 63 4,133
2007 2,636 1,427 63 4,127
2008 2,692 1,450 64 4,206
2009 2,774 1,591 66 4,430
2010 2,776 1,602 64 4,443
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THE STRUGGLE OVER TARIFFS

• WHAT ARE TARIFFS?
• TAXES ON IMPORTS
• WHO WANTED THEM?
• BUSINESS OWNERS
• LABOR LEADERS
• FARMERS
• REPUBLICANS
• WHO DIDNT WANT THEM?
• CONSUMERS
• DEMORACTS

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• 1884 GROVER CLEVELAND
• DEMOCRAT
• LOWERED TARIFFS
• 1888 BENJAMIN HARRISON
• REPUBLICAN
• RAISED TARIFFS
• 1892 GROVER CLEVELAND
• DEMOCRAT
• LOWERED TARIFFS - AGAIN
• 1892 WILLIAM MCKINLEY
• REPUBLICAN
• RAISED TARIFFS - AGAIN

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THE STRUGGLE OVER TARIFFS

• PRES. CLEVELAND
• 1888 ELECTION
• WON POP VOTE
• BUT LOST ELECTION
• ELECTORAL COLLEGE