Beat! Beat! Drums!

1
Beat! Beat! Drums!

• Walt Whitman

2
List of all the ways that war is presented as a
destructive force in the poem.
3
Categorize the Disruptions Caused by War

• Social events
• Family events
• Daily life
• Commerce
• School
• Rural areas
• Urban areas
• Legal system

4
Make a graphic organizer
Success is Counted Sweetest
War is Kind
Disruptions Caused by War/ Destructiveness of War
Grass
Patterns
5
Writing Assignment

• Select ONE of the four poems in the poetry packet
  we have been working with in class (Success is
  Counted Sweetest, War is Kind, Grass, and
  Patterns ).
• Each student should write a paragraph of at least
  50 words that explains (with evidence from the
  poem) how the poem presents war as a destructive
  force.
• Students should edit and revise the short
  paragraphs about the poems with a peer editor.
• The individuals or partners should be
  proofreading to ensure that each paragraph
  accomplishes the following tasks
• a) that it clearly explains how war is a
  destructive force in the poem
• b) that it contains specific, accurate references
  (direct quotes) to the poem that support the
  thesis (war as a destructive force) and
• c) that the writer has used correct spelling and
  grammar throughout the paragraph.

6
RememberPoetry works in two ways-What it
saysand-How it says it
7
What it says

• Theme- a common thread or repeated idea that is
  incorporated throughout a literary work.
• Purpose- the authors reason for writing
• Subject- what the author is writing about

8
How it says it

• Structure
• Figurative Language

9
Understanding Poetic Structure

• Rhyme
• Meter
• Figurative Language
• Poetic Terms

10
Rhyme

• The repetition of vowel sounds in accented
  syllables and all syllables that follow (ex.
  glisten listen)
• When rhyme is found within the same line of
  poetry, it is internal rhyme
• When rhyme is found at the end of lines of
  poetry, it is end rhyme

11
Rhyme

• The purpose of rhyme is to create a sound
  cadence for the reader
• Poets often create a pattern of end rhyme
• This pattern, when identified, is called a rhyme
  scheme
• When determining the rhyme scheme, each rhyming
  sound is represented by a different letter of the
  alphabet

12
Rhyme

• Because rhyming is difficult, and to create
  different effects on the reader, poets also use
  approximate rhyme
• Approximate rhyme is also known as off rhyme,
  half rhyme, or slant rhyme
• These rhymes can be equated to a sharp or flat
  note in music

13
Meter

• A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables
  in a line of poetry
• Each syllable in a line of poetry is labeled
  with a stress mark, or an unstressed mark
• The purpose of meter is to create a recognizable
  rhythm through a regular sound pattern of
  stressed and unstressed syllables

14
Meter

• Metrical patterns, composed of stressed and
  unstressed syllabic marks, create a foot of meter
• Common metrical feet are iambic, anapestic,
  trochaic, and dactylic
• Each is a different combination of stressed and
  unstressed syllabic marks

15
Meter

• An iambic foot of meter is composed of an
  unstressed syllable followed by a stressed
  syllable
• An anapestic foot of meter is composed of two
  unstressed syllables followed by a stressed
  syllable

16
Meter

• Foot type Style Stress pattern
  Syllable count
• Iamb Iambic Unstressed Stressed
  Two
• Trochee Trochaic Stressed Unstressed
  Two
• Spondee Spondaic Stressed Stressed
  Two
• Anapest or anapaest Anapestic Unstressed
  Unstressed Stressed Three
• Dactyl Dactylic
  Stressed Unstressed Unstressed
  Three
• Amphibrach Amphibrachic Unstressed
  Stressed Unstressed Three
• Pyrrhic Pyrrhic Unstressed Unstressed
  Two

17
Figurative Language

• Using words or phrases to describe something in
  terms of another thing, with the intent that the
  description will not be taken literally
• The more common figures of speech are simile,
  metaphor, personification, and symbol
• Conceit is an elaborate figure of speech that is
  often lengthy, and which compares two startlingly
  different objects

18
Figurative Language

• Sound devices are also a form of figurative
  language
• Some common sound devices are assonance,
  alliteration, consonance, onomatopoeia
• Other figures of speech are
• hyperbole- Exaggerated statements or claims not
  meant to be taken literally
• metonymy- A figure of speech in which one word or
  phrase is substituted for another with which it
  is closely associated (such as "crown" for
  "royalty").
• Metonymy is also the rhetorical strategy of
  describing something indirectly by referring to
  things around it, as in describing someone's
  clothing to characterize the individual.
• Oxymoron- A figure of speech in which incongruous
  or seemingly contradictory terms appear side by
  side a compressed paradox.
• Synecdoche- A figure of speech in which a part is
  used for the whole (as hand for sailor), the
  whole for a part (as the law for police officer),
  the specific for the general (as cutthroat for
  assassin), the general for the specific (as thief
  for pickpocket), or the material for the thing
  made from it (as steel for sword)

19
Poetic Devices and Terms

• Allusion is a reference to someone of something
  known from history, literature, religion, sports,
  science, etc. allusion is a device also used in
  other forms of writing
• Apostrophe is a technique a poet uses to address
  an inanimate object, idea, or person who is dead
  or absent apostrophe is also used in other
  forms of writing
• Caesura is a pause or break within a line of
  poetry
• Concrete Poem is a poem in which the words of
  the poem themselves are arranged in a manner to
  visually suggest the poems subject of meaning

20
Poetic Devices and Terms

• Couplet consists of two rhyming lines of poetry
• Lyric Poem is a poem that does not tell a story,
  but expresses the personal thoughts or feelings
  of the speaker/poet
• Octave is an eight line poem, or more often, the
  first eight lines of a Petrarchan sonnet
• Ode is a lyric poem that is usually very long
• Quatrain is a poem consisting of four lines that
  function as a unit of thought

21
Poetic Devices and Terms

• Refrain is a word, phrase, line, or group of
  lines in a poem that are repeated for effect
  several times during a poem
• Sestet is a six line poem, especially the last
  six lines of a Petrarchan sonnet
• Sonnet is a fourteen line poem, usually written
  in iambic pentameter, and following a Petrarchan
  or Shakespearian structure

22
Group Work

• Create groups based around each of the four poems
  that you wrote about earlier.
• Each group should then subdivide itself, with one
  subdivision taking on elements of poetic
  structure and the other taking on elements of
  figurative language.
• In the smaller groups, identify elements of
  poetic structure and elements of figurative
  language as they apply to your particular poem.

23
Re- Group(5 minutes)

• Regroup based on the assignments of poems and
  categories.
• Within each group, share elements of poetic
  structure and elements of figurative language
  that you found when analyzing your assigned poem.

24
Independent Writing

• Add to the paragraph you wrote earlier, two
  additional paragraphs
• one paragraph that explains the poems structure
• and one paragraph that cites examples of at least
  three uses of figurative language from the poem.

Peer Editing and Revision

• Check
• That the first paragraph clearly explains how war
  is a destructive force in the poem that the
  second paragraph explains the structure of the
  poem, and that the third paragraph explains the
  figurative language used in the poem and
• b) that it contains specific, accurate references
  (direct quotes) to the poem that support the
  thesis of each paragraph (see list to the left)
  and
• c) that the writer has used correct spelling and
  grammar throughout the paragraph.

• Revise all three paragraphs
• war as a destructive force,
• poetic structure,
• figurative language.