Questions 36 - 42

1
Questions 36 - 42

• Fat and Protein

2
36. Fat Digestion

• Which treatment would LEAST likely affect the
  uptake of fatty acids into the epithelial cells
  of the small intestine after a SINGLE fat meal?
• Co-consumption of a drug which prevents emptying
  of the gall bladder
• Co-consumption of a drug to prevent the formation
  of bile salts in the liver
• Substituting 50 of the fat in the meal with
  Olestra
• Co-consumption of a pancreatic lipase inhibitor
  with the meal
• Co-consumption of a compound that prevents the
  formation of micelles

34 65 52 39 30
would prevent efficient digestion of fat
bile salts already in the gall bladder
only half the fat would be available
would not be able to digest the fat
would not be able to emulsify the fat lipase
wont work
3
37. Chylomicrons

• Which statement BEST DESCRIBES chylomicrons?
• Lipoproteins that carry dietary fat to the
  peripheral tissues
• Discs of phosopholipid that mop up loose
  cholesterol in the blood stream
• Milky droplets formed from the churning of a
  lipid/salt mixture in the small intestine
• Microscopic droplets excreted by tissues that
  have too much cholesterol
• An emulsion of fat and protein in the stomach

looking good!
175 13 19 3 9
a description of HDL
chyme
no such thing
not sure that this exits
4
38. Fate of Dietary Fat

• Which statement regarding the disposal of dietary
  fat is CORRECT?
• Fat is transported around the bloodstream in
  micelles made from bile salts
• Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) transport
  dietary fat from the intestine to the liver
• Unsaturated fat goes to the liver, but saturated
  fat goes to the peripheral tissues
• Lipoproteins are taken up into cells before being
  acted on by lipoprotein lipase
• Peripheral tissues encounter dietary fat before
  the liver

lipoproteins made from phospholipid
47 14 12 20 126
this is chylomicrons
not distinguished
all the hydrolysis in capillaries
chylomicrons delivered via the lymph
5
39. LDL metabolism

• What would be a consequence of taking a drug that
  inhibited Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) uptake?
• A decrease in the rate of cholesterol synthesis
  by the peripheral tissues.
• An increase in the concentration of LDL in the
  bloodstream
• Decreased intestinal absorption of cholesterol
• Decreased intestinal absorption of fat
• Prevention of bile salt synthesis

24 144 31 11 5
rate UP, no LDL-chol coming in
seems obvious genetic defect too
no relevance
no relevance
perhaps less, liver takes up LDL?
6
40. Role of HDL

• Which statement BEST DESCRIBES the role of High
  Density Lipoprotein (HDL)?
• HDL is formed by the removal of fat from LDL
• HDL is assembled in the peripheral tissues and is
  secreted into the bloodstream
• HDL is assembled in the peripheral tissues and is
  secreted into the lymphatic circulation
• A high HDLLDL ratio is positively correlated
  with heart disease
• HDL is produced by the liver and picks up
  cholesterol from the periphery

HDL different LDL already fat depleted
7 16 8 13 171
made in the liver but close
wrong in both ways
opposite but positively unfair really
exactly
7
41. Essential Amino Acids

• Which statement is CORRECT?
• Essential amino acids are made into protein but
  non-essential amino acids are used for energy
• Consumption of a large amount of non-essential
  amino acids will not counteract insufficient
  consumption of essential amino acids
• Essential amino acids are only found in animal
  products
• Aspartate, glutamate and alanine are all
  essential amino acids
• A deficiency in one essential amino acid intake
  will increase the storage of the other 19 amino
  acids

all proteins contain a mix
5 188 7 14 6
horrid double negative (sorry) but true
no but some plant products deficient in
specific essentials
easy to work out that all are NON-essential
a deficiency in just one aa makes ANY protein
synthesis hard
8
42. Disposal of excess amino acids

• Which statement BEST DESCRIBES the fate of amino
  groups derived from the catabolism of amino acids
  in muscle?
• The amino groups are mainly excreted from the
  muscle as ammonia
• The amino groups are mainly excreted from the
  muscle as urea
• The amino groups become linked to pyruvate for
  transport to the liver
• The amino groups are stored on pre-existing
  proteins by converting glutamate residues in
  proteins to glutamine
• The amino groups are stored on pre-existing
  polynucleotides by converting thymine bases to
  cytosine

most come out as alanine
so no
17 76 107 12 5
urea made in liver
yes, aminated pyruvate is alanine
would change the protein function!
similarly crazy!