Technician Licensing Class

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Technician Licensing Class
Your Computer Goes Ham Digital!
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Amateur Radio Technician ClassElement 2 Course
Presentation

• ELEMENT 2 SUB-ELEMENTS (Groupings)
• About Ham Radio
• Call Signs
• Control
• Mind the Rules
• Tech Frequencies
• Your First Radio
• Going On The Air!
• Repeaters
• Emergency!
• Weak Signal Propagation

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Amateur Radio Technician ClassElement 2 Course
Presentation

• ELEMENT 2 SUB-ELEMENTS (Groupings)
• Talk to Outer Space!
• Your Computer Goes Ham Digital!
• Multi-Mode Radio Excitement
• Run Some Interference Protection
• Electrons Go With the Flow!
• Its the Law, per Mr. Ohm!
• Go Picture These!
• Antennas
• Feed Me with Some Good Coax!
• Safety First!

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Your Computer Goes Ham Digital!

• IMPORTANT In ham radio, CW Morse Code.
• T8D9 The code used when sending CW in the
  amateur bands is International Morse.
• T8D10 These devices can be used to transmit CW
  in the amateur bands
• Straight Key
• Electronic Keyer
• Computer Keyboard

All of these choices are correct.
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Your Computer Goes Ham Digital!

• T8D1 The following are examples of digital
  communications methods.
• Packet
• PSK31
• MFSK

All of these choices are correct.
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Your Computer Goes Ham Digital!

• T4A6 A terminal node controller ( T N C ) would
  be connected between a transceiver and computer
  in a packet radio station.
• A TNC converts the digital into audio that can be
  transmitted, and vice versa. With more powerful
  computers, hams now use software and their PC
  sound cards instead of TNCs.

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A Packet System
(The Old Way)
TELEPHONE
MODEM
MODEM
TELEPHONE
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A Packet System
(The Ham Way)
(Sound Card)
RADIO
RADIO
(Sound Card)
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Your Computer Goes Ham Digital!

• T4A7 We can use a computers sound card in place
  of a TNC provides encoded audio to the radios
  microphone input (to send) and takes received
  audio from radio and converts it to digital info
  (text, images, etc).
• T8D8 Packet transmissions may include
• A check sum which permits error detection
• A header which contains the call sign of the
  station to which the information is being sent
• Automatic repeat request in case of error.

All of these choices are correct.
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Your Computer Goes Ham Digital!

• T8D11 A "parity" bit is an extra code element
  used to detect errors in received data.
• Just like a parity bit in computers
• T7B12 When applied to digital communications
  systems, the acronym "BER" means Bit Error Rate.
• T3A10 Error rates are likely to increase on VHF
  or UHF data signals propagated over multiple
  paths.

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Your Computer Goes Ham Digital!

• T8B11 FM Packet is a common method of sending
  signals to and from a digital satellite.
• FM packet is a very popular digital comm. system
• Packets can be stored and forwarded, via
  satellite or space station
• T8D2 APRS Automatic Position Reporting System.
• T8D3 A Global Positioning System receiver is
  normally used when sending automatic location
  reports via amateur radio (APRS).

Other hams receive and upload the data to the
Internet, for mapping, logging, etc.
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Your Computer Goes Ham Digital!

• T8D6 The abbreviation PSK means Phase Shift
  Keying.
• T8D7 PSK31 is a low-rate data transmission mode.
• PSK-31 transmission rate is about normal typing
  speed.
• PSK is a remarkable digital mode that uses very
  little radio spectrum and can be decoded when it
  is almost inaudible.
• Sometimes used for bouncing messages off the
  moon!

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Your Computer Goes Ham Digital!

• T8C11 A gateway is the name given to an amateur
  radio station that is used to connect other
  amateur stations to the Internet.
• Similar to a Gateway in connection to a computer
  network
• T8C9 You might obtain a list of active nodes
  that use VoIP from a repeater directory.
• Internet is best source. (But this is the answer
  for the exam.)
• T8C10 You can select a specific IRLP node when
  using a portable transceiver by use of the keypad
  to transmit the IRLP node ID.

On this radio, on the back of microphone and also
on radio itself. (Not same on all rigs.)
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Your Computer Goes Ham Digital!
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Your Computer Goes Ham Digital!
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Your Computer Goes Ham Digital!

• T8C8 For RC aircraft using amateur frequencies,
  in place of on-air call sign ID the FCC requires
  a label indicating the licensee's name, call sign
  and address affixed to the transmitter.
• 6 meters 50.800 to 51.0 MHz and 53.1 to 53.9 MHz.

Non-hams must share 50 channels,
72.01-72.99MHz,crystal-controlled.
Licensees call sign, etc.
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Your Computer Goes Ham Digital!

• T8C7 The maximum power allowed when transmitting
  telecommand signals to radio controlled models is
  1 watt.
• Telecommand signals are permitted unidentified
  commands!
• 1 watt will control a plane farther than you can
  see it. Be careful!

Hams can use frequencies on the 6-Meter Band to
radio control a model aircraft.
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Your Computer Goes Ham Digital!

• T8D4 The term NTSC indicates an analog fast scan
  color TV signalwhat we all watched for 50 years
  before HD!
• Hams are almost the only ones left doing analog
  TV (NTSC format).

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Element 2 Technician Class Question Pool
Element 2 Technician Class Question Pool
Your Computer Goes Ham Digital
Valid July 1, 2010 Through June 30, 2014
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T8D09 What code is used when sending CW in the
amateur bands?

• Baudot
• Hamming
• International Morse
• Gray

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T8D10 Which of the following can be used to
transmit CW in the amateur bands?

1. Straight Key
2. Electronic Keyer
3. Computer Keyboard
4. All of these choices are correct

?
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T8D01 Which of the following is an example of a
digital communications method?

1. Packet
2. PSK31
3. MFSK
4. All of these choices are correct

?
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T4A06 Which of the following would be connected
between a transceiver and computer in a packet
radio station?

1. Transmatch
2. Mixer
3. Terminal node controller
4. Antenna

? TNC
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T4A07 How is the computers sound card used when
conducting digital communications using a
computer?

1. The sound card communicates between the computer
   CPU and the video display
2. The sound card records the audio frequency for
   video display
3. The sound card provides audio to the microphone
   input and converts received audio to digital form
4. All of these choices are correct

?
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T8D08 Which of the following may be included in
packet transmissions?

1. A check sum which permits error detection
2. A header which contains the call sign of the
   station to which the information is being sent
3. Automatic repeat request in case of error
4. All of these choices are correct

?
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T8D11 What is a "parity" bit?

1. A control code required for automatic position
   reporting
2. A timing bit used to ensure equal sharing of a
   frequency
3. An extra code element used todetect errors in
   received data
4. A "triple width" bit used to signal the end of a
   character

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T7B12 What does the acronym "BER" mean when
applied to digital communications systems?

1. Baud Enhancement Recovery
2. Baud Error Removal
3. Bit Error Rate
4. Bit Exponent Resource

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T3A10 What may occur if VHF or UHF data signals
propagate over multiple paths?

1. Transmission rates can be increased by a factor
   equal to the number of separate paths observed
2. Transmission rates must be decreased by a factor
   equal to the number of separate paths observed
3. No significant changes will occur if the signals
   are transmitting using FM
4. Error rates are likely to increase

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T8B11 What is a commonly used method of sending
signals to and from a digital satellite?

1. USB AFSK
2. PSK31
3. FM Packet
4. WSJT

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T8D02 What does the term APRS mean?

1. Automatic Position Reporting System
2. Associated Public Radio Station
3. Auto Planning Radio Set-up
4. Advanced Polar Radio System

Think GPS
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T8D03 Which of the following is normally used
when sending automatic location reports via
amateur radio?

1. A connection to the vehicle speedometer
2. A WWV receiver
3. A connection to a broadcast FM sub-carrier
   receiver
4. A Global Positioning System receiver

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T8D06 What does the abbreviation PSK mean?

1. Pulse Shift Keying
2. Phase Shift Keying
3. Packet Short Keying
4. Phased Slide Keying

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T8D07 What is PSK31?

1. A high-rate data transmission mode
2. A method of reducing noise interference to FM
   signals
3. A method of compressing digital television signal
4. A low-rate data transmission mode

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T8C11 What name is given to an amateur radio
station that is used to connect other amateur
stations to the Internet?

• A gateway
• A repeater
• A digipeater
• A beacon

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T8C09 How might you obtain a list of active nodes
that use VoIP?

1. From the FCC Rulebook
2. From your local emergency coordinator
3. From a repeater directory
4. From the local repeater frequency coordinator

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T8C10 How do you select a specific IRLP node when
using a portable transceiver?

1. Choose a specific CTCSS tone
2. Choose the correct DSC tone
3. Access the repeater autopatch
4. Use the keypad to transmit the IRLP node ID

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T8C08 What is required in place of on-air station
identification when sending signals to a radio
control model using amateur frequencies?

1. Voice identification must be transmitted every 10
   minutes
2. Morse code ID must be sent once per hour
3. A label indicating the licensee's name, call sign
   and address must be affixed to the transmitter
4. A flag must be affixed to the transmitter antenna
   with the station call sign in 1 inch high letters
   or larger

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T8C07 What is the maximum power allowed when
transmitting telecommand signals to radio
controlled models?

1. 500 milliwatts
2. 1 watt
3. 25 watts
4. 1500 watts

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T8D04 What type of transmission is indicated by
the term NTSC?

1. A Normal Transmission mode in Static Circuit
2. A special mode for earth satellite uplink
3. An analog fast scan color TV signal
4. A frame compression scheme for TV signals