Midterm Review

1
Midterm Review

• Topic 5
• The Periodic Table

2
Vocabulary

• Atomic radius
• Electronegativity
• Family
• Group
• Ionic radius
• Ionization energy
• Metal
• Metalloid
• Noble gas
• Nonmetal
• Periodic law
• Period

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Classifying Elements

• Dmitri Mendeleev
• Arranged elements in order of increasing atomic
  mass, similar chemical and physical properties

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Classifying Elements

• Modern Periodic Table
• Arranged according to the modern periodic law
• The properties of the elements are periodic
  functions of their atomic number

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Table Information about the Elements
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Arrangement of the Periodic Table

• Periods
• Horizontal rows of the table
• In each row the number of valence electrons
  increase form left to right

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Arrangement of the Periodic Table

• The elements are located by other elements that
  have common properties
• Metals are on the left side of the table
• Nonmetals are on the right side of the table
• Metalloids are in between the metals and the
  nonmetals

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Arrangement of the Periodic Table

• Groups or families
• Vertical columns
• All members of the group contain the same number
  of valence electrons
• Having the same number of valence electrons give
  the elements similar chemical properties

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Types of Elements

• Metals
• The most active metals are in group 1 and 2
• General properties of metals
• Metals are solid at room temp, except for Hg
• Most of the metals have densities greater than
  water, except for group 1
• Metals are malleable
• Metals are ductile
• Metals have luster
• Metals are good conductors of heat and
  electricity (sea of mobile electrons)
• Metals have relatively low ionization energies
  and electronegativity values
• Metals tend to lose electrons to form positive
  ions with smaller radii

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Types of Elements

• Metalloids
• B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te
• Represent an intermediate type of element,
  displaying both metallic and nonmetallic
  properties

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Types of Elements

• Nonmetals
• General properties of nonmetals
• Many nonmetals are gases or a solid except for
  Br2 being a liquid
• Nonmetals are not malleable or ductile they tend
  to be brittle in the solid phase
• Solid nonmetals lack luster, and their surface
  appears dull
• Nonmetals have high ionizations energies and high
  electronegativity values
• Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and
  electricity
• Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to become
  negative ions with radii larger then their atoms

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Types of Elements

• Noble Gases

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Properties of Elements

• Ionization energy
• The amount of energy needed to remove the most
  loosely bound electron form a neutral gaseous
  atom

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Properties of Elements

• Atomic Radii
• Half the distance between nuclei of identical
  atoms that are bonded together

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Properties of Elements

• Ionic Radii
• Gain electrons it gets bigger
• Loose electrons it gets smaller

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Properties of Elements

• Electronegativity
• Is an measure of an atoms attraction for
  electrons when bonded to another atom.
• Cs has the lowest
• F has the highest (4.0)

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