CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

• Chapter 15

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OVERVIEW

• BASIC FUNCTION Bulk Transport
• Move nutrients and gases to tissue areas
• Nutrients for energy, building materials
• Oxygen for cellular respiration
• Remove wastes from tissue areas
• Urea and other metabolic wastes
• Carbon dioxide
• BASIC STRUCTURE Heart Vessels
• Heart force pump
• Pulmonary Circuit blood to lungs and back to
  heart
• Pulmonary Artery ? alveoli pulmonary
  capillaries ? pulmonary veins
• Systemic Circuit circulation to all parts of
  body
• Arteries take blood away from heart
• Capillaries material exchange
• Veins take blood towards heart

DIAGRAM
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HEART STRUCTURE
INTERACTIVE DIAGRAM

• Coverings
• Pericardium
• Double layered
• Separated by pericardial cavity
• Epicardium visceral pericardium
• Outer layer
• Serous membrane
• Mycardium cardiac muscle tissue
• Thickest
• Endocardium lines chambers
• Purkinje fibers

• Chambers
• Atria upper (L R)
• Auricles outside flaps
• Ventricles lower (L R)
• Ineratrial and interventricle septums
• Valves ? one way flow
• Chordae Tendinae and Papillary muscles
• Tricuspid b/w R. Atria R. Ventricle
• Bicuspid (mitral) b/w L. Atria L. Ventricle
• Pulmonary Semilunar b/w R. Ventricle
  Pulmonary Arteries
• Aortic Semilunar b/w L. Ventricle Aorta

DIAGRAM
VALVE DIAGRAM
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HEART STRUCTURE

• Order of Blood Flow (Deoxygenated Blood)
• Veins from Systemic (Body) Circuit
• Superior/ Inferior Vena Cava
• Right Atria
• Tricuspid Valve
• Right Ventricle
• Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
• Pulmonary Arteries
• Lungs (capillaries)

• Order of Blood Flow (Oxygenated Blood)
• Lungs (capillaries)
• Pulmonary Arteries
• Left Atria
• Bicuspid Valve
• Left Ventricle
• Aortic Semilunar Valve
• Aorta
• Arteries of Systemic Circuit
• Heart circulation
• Coronary arteries ? capillaries ? cardiac veins ?
  coronary sinus

HEART DIAGRAM
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CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM

• Specialized tissue to transmit muscle impulse for
  proper heart contractions
• Functional synctium
• Self-excitatory
• Cardiac cycle 1 complete heartbeat
• Systole contraction
• Diastole relaxation
• lub dup
• 1st sound A-V valves
• 2nd sound semilunar valves

• Atria systole Ventricle diastole
• Blood through A-V valves
• SA (sinoatrial) node
• Pacemaker
• Transmit impulse to atria
• Atria diastole Ventricle systole
• AV (atrialventricular) node ? AV bundle (Bundle
  of His) ? purkinje fibers
• Blood forced through semilunar valves
• Lub AV valves slam shut
• Murmur - defect
• Atria diastole Ventricle diastole
• Heart resets

DIAGRAM
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EKG AND HEART ACTIONS

• Electrocardiogram graph of electrical activity
  of heart during cardiac cycle
• P wave depolarization of atria
• Impulse causes atria systole
• P-Q interval flat line
• Impulse travels from atria to ventricular fibers
• No contraction
• QRS Complex depolarization of ventricles
  repolarization of atria
• Ventricular systole
• Atria returning to relaxed state
• T wave repolarization of ventricles

DIAGRAM
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FACTORS AFFECTINGCARDIAC CYCLE

• Parasympathetic pathways inhibit
• Ach
• Vegas Nerve
• Sympathetic pathway excitatory
• Norepinephrine
• Controlled by cardiac center (medulla oblongata)
• Baroreceptors in carotid arteries and aorta
• Cerebrum and hypothalamus
• Fainting slow down
• Anxiety speed up
• Temperature
• Ions
• Arrythmias irregular heartrate (ECG)
• Clinical Application 15.3 P. 588 - 589
• Tachycardia, bradycardia, ventricular
  fibrillation
• ECG interactive tool

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LAYERS OF THE HEART
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OPERATION OF VALVES
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ECG Depolarization and Repolarization of
cardiac tissue
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CORONARY ARTERIES CARDIAC VEINS