Prokaryotes

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Prokaryotes

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Classification

• Domain Bacteria
• Domain Archaea

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Nutrition Metabolism
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Structural characteristics
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Gram Staining
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How do bacteria move?

• 1- Flagella
• 2- Helical shape (spirochetes)
• 3- Slime
• 4-Taxis (movement away or toward a stimulus)

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Reproduction

• Asexual reproduction
• binary fission (not mitosis)
• Sexual reproduction (not meiosis)
• transformation uptake of genes from surrounding
  environment
• conjugation direct gene transfer from 1
  prokaryote to another
• transduction gene transfer by viruses

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Endospore
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Bacterial Shapes

• Shapes
• Coccus (round)
• Bacillus (rod)
• Spirillus (helical)

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3 Shapes of Bacteria
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Bacterial Energy Production

• Obligate Aerobes require O2
• Obligate Anaerobes live in absence of O2
• May die in presence of O2
• Facultative Anaerobe do not have to use O2 but
  are not harmed by it.

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Bacterial Growth

1. Single or Colonial not multicellular
2. Required Factors food, water, oxygen (for some)
3. Influencing Factors temperature, sunlight,
   chemicals

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Prokaryotic ecology(Some helpful, some harmful)

• Decomposers unlock organics from corpses and
  waste products
• Symbiosis symbiont/host mutualism (?, ?)
  parasitism (?, ?) commensalism (?, O)

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Interesting Groups

• Halophiles salty
• Hyperthermophiles very hot water
• Methanogens give off methane
• Actinomycetes in soil
• Cyanobacteria blue-green algae

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Harmful/Disease causing

• Disease
• opportunistic normal residents of host cause
  illness when defenses are weakened
• exotoxins bacterial proteins that can produce
  disease w/o the prokaryote present (botulism)
• endotoxins components of gram - membranes
  (Salmonella)

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Lyme Disease
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Botulism