APUSH

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APUSH Take Five
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The Settlement of the Chesapeake
Virginia Maryland
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TheLondonCompany,1606
Get rich quick!
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King James I

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Charters from the King (James I)

• Virginia Co. of Plymouth
• Maine
• Virginia Co. of London
• Jamestown

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Chesapeake Bay
Geographic/environmental problems??
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Jamestown Fort Settlement Map
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Jamestown Fort Settlement(Computer Generated)
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Jamestown

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Jamestown Housing
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Jamestown Settlement
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Jamestown Chapel, 1611
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Problems with the colony

• Seekers of fortune
• Disease
• Location, location, location
• Hostile natives
• Starvation
• John Smith becomes council President

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Captain John SmithThe Right Man for the Job??
There was no talkbut dig gold, wash gold,
refine gold, load gold
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What did the colonists eat?

• Tortoyses here (such as in the Bermudas) I have
  seene about the entrance of our bay, but we have
  not taken of them, but of the land tortoyses we
  take and eate dailie      William Strachey

• fish lying so thicke with their heads above the
  water, as for want of nets (our barge driving
  amongst them) we attempted to catch them with a
  frying pan, but we found it a bad instrument to
  catch fish with
• John Smith

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Reorganization of the London Co.

• Virginia Company (1609)
• Stock options for adventurers
• Indentured servitude
• The Starving time (1609-1610)
• A chance meeting
• Deciding to stay

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English Migration 1610-1660
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Jamestown and its Governors

• Governor Lord De La Warr
• Harsh labor requirements
• Harsh penalties
• Land incentives
• Private ownership
• New relationship with the natives

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Jamestown Colonization Pattern1620-1660
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River Settlement Pattern

• Large plantations gt100 acres.
• Widely spread apart gt5 miles.

Social/EconomicPROBLEMS???
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Why Was There Such High Mortality?

• POPULATION
• 1607 104 colonists
• By spring, 1608 38 survived
• 1609 300 more immigrants
• By spring, 1610 60 survived
• 1610 1624 10,000 immigrants
• 1624 population 1,200
• Adult life expectancy 40 years
• Death of children before age 5 80

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Widowarchy
High mortality among husbands and fathers left
many women in the Chesapeake colonies with
unusual autonomy and wealth!
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Virginia Begins to Thrive

• Tobacco is King
• John Rolfe
• Headright system (1618)
• Expansion of Plantations
• Craftsmen come to the colony

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John Rolfe
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King James deplores tobacco

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English Tobacco Label
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Early Colonial Tobacco
1618 Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of
tobacco. 1622 Despite losing nearly
one-third of its colonists in an
Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000
pounds of tobacco. 1627 Virginia
produces 500,000 pounds of
tobacco. 1629 Virginia produces 1,500,000
pounds of tobacco.
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Tobacco Prices 1618-1710
Why did tobacco prices decline so precipitously?
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Labor Problems

• Labor shortages
• Enslaving Indians
• Importing white servants
• Beginnings of the African slave trade
• The Virginia Assembly of 1619
• House of Burgesses

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• Indentured Servitude

HeadrightSystem
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Indentured Servitude

• Headright System
• Each Virginian got 50 acres for each person whose
  passage they paid

• Indenture Contract
• 5-7 years.
• Promised freedom dues land,
• Forbidden to marry.
• 1610-1614 only 1 in 10 outlived their
  indentured contracts!

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The clash of co-exsistence

• The Powhatan Confederacy
• The Ransom of Pocahontas
• Opechancanough
• The Massacre of 1622
• Retaliation against the Powhatan
• Jamestown becomes a royal colony 1624

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Pocahontas- Lady Rebecca

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Pocahontas and John Rolfe

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Agricultural Exchange

• Learning to farm American style
• New crops
• Corn (maize), beans, pumpkins etc

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Puritans and Proprietors
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New England Colonies

• Virginia Company of Plymouth
• Pilgrims
• Mayflower
• Pawtuxet
• Squanto
• Government
• Mayflower Compact
• William Bradford
• Economy

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The Mayflower Compact

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William Bradford

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Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Puritans
• John Cotton
• John Winthrop
• a city on a hill
• Anne Bradstreet
• Cotton Mather
• Government
• Commonwealth
• Blue laws
• The Scarlet Letter
• Economy
• social status
• farming
• education

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Cotton Mather

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John Winthrop

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Other New England Colonies

• Rhode Island
• Roger Williams
• Separation of church and state
• Anne Hutchinson
• New Hampshire
• John Wheelwright
• Connecticut
• Rev. Thomas Hooker

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(No Transcript)
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Roger Williams

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Anne Hutchinson

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Conflicts between New England and the
Natives..(1636-1637)

• Pequots ? verypowerful tribein CT river valley.
• 1637 ? PequotWar
• Whites, withNarragansettIndian allies,attacked
  Pequotvillage on Mystic River.
• Whites set fire to homes shot fleeing
  survivors!
• Pequot tribe virtually annihilated? an uneasy
  peace lasted for 40 years.

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King Philips War (1675-1676)

• Only hope for Native Americans to resist white
  settlers was to UNITE.
• Metacom King Philip to white settlers
• Massasoits son united Indians and staged
  coordinated attacks on white settlements
  throughout New England.
• Frontier settlements forced to retreat to Boston.

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Royal and Proprietary Colonies

• Maryland
• Catholics
• George Calvert
• Cecilius Calvert
• Act of Toleration
• Lords Baltimore

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The Middle colonies

• New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware

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Settling the Middle or Restoration Colonies
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The Dutch Colonies

• New Netherlands
• Dutch Reformed Church
• patroonships
• New Sweden
• Peter Stuyvesant
• New York
• The Duke of York
• King Charles I

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Henry Hudsons Voyages
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New Amsterdam Harbor, 1639

• Company town run in interests of the
  stockholders.
• No interest in religious toleration, free
  speech, or democracy.
• Governors appointed by the Company were
  autocratic.
• Religious dissenters against Dutch Reformed
  Church including Quakers were persecuted.
• Local assembly with limited power to make laws
  established after repeated protests by colonists.

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New Amsterdam, 1660

• Characteristics of New Amsterdam
• Aristocratic ? patroonships feudal estates
  granted to promoters who would settle 50 people
  on them.
• Cosmopolitan ? diverse population with many
  different languages.

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New Netherlands New Sweden
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Swedes in New Netherlands

• Mid-1600s ? Sweden in Golden Age settled small,
  under-funded colony called New Sweden near
  New Netherland.
• 1655 ? Dutch under director-general Peter
  Stuyvesant attack New Sweden.
• Main fort fell after bloodless siege.
• New Sweden absorbed into New Netherland.

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New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Colony

• Charles II granted New Netherlands land to his
  brother, the Duke of York, before he controlled
  the area!
• 1664 ? English soldiers arrived.
• Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses.
• Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a
  shot.
• Renamed New York
• England gained strategic harbor between her
  northern southern colonies.
• England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

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Duke of Yorks Original Charter
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The Quakers

• Pennsylvania, Delaware and New Jersey
• Quakers-The Society of Friends
• William Penn
• George Fox
• Economy
• Farming
• Great cities
• Philadelphia

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William Penn

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The Quakers

• Called Quakers because they quaked during
  intense religious practices.
• They offended religious secular leaders in
  England.
• Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of
  England.
• They met without paid clergy
• Believed all were children of God? refused to
  treat the upper classes with deference.
• Keep hats on.
• Addressed them as commoners ? thees/thous.
• Wouldnt take oaths.
• Pacifists.

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Penns Treaty with theNative Americans
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Pennsylvanian Society

• Attracted many different people
• Religious misfits from other colonies.
• Many different ethnic groups.
• No provision for military defense.
• No restrictions on immigration.
• No slavery!!
• Blue Laws sumptuary laws ? against stage
  plays, cards, dice, excessive hilarity, etc.

A society that gave its citizens economic
opportunity, civil liberty, religious freedom!!
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Urban Population Growth1650 - 1775
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New Jersey PAs Neighbor

• 1664 ? aristocratic proprietors
• rcvd. the area from the Duke
• of York.
• Many New Englanders because of
• worn out soil moved to NJ.
• 1674 ? West NJ sold to Quakers.
• East NJ eventually acquired by Quakers.
• 1702 ? E W NJ combined into
• NJ and created one colony.

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Delaware PAs Neighbor

• Named after Lord De La Warr harsh military
  governor of VA in 1610.
• Closely associated with Penns colony.
• 1703 ? granted its own assembly.
• Remained under the control of PA until the
  American Revolution.

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Ethnic Groups
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George Fox

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The Carolinas

• Government
• The Fundamental Constitution of Carolina
• Anthony Ashley Cooper
• John Locke
• Feudal system
• North Carolina
• small farmers
• South Carolina
• trading post to plantations
• rice, cotton, indigo
• slaves

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The West Indies ? Way Station to Mainland America

• 1670 ? a group of small English farmers from the
  West Indies arrived in Carolina.
• Were squeezed out by sugar barons.
• Brought a few black slaves and a model of the
  Barbados slave code with them.
• Names for King Charles II.
• The King granted Carolina to 8 supporters Lord
  Proprietors.
• They hoped to use Carolina to supply their
  plantations in Barbados with food and export
  wine, silk, and olive oil to Europe.

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Settling the Lower South
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Crops of the Carolinas Rice

• The primary export.
• Rice was still an exotic food in England.
• Was grown in Africa, so planters imported West
  African slaves.
• These slaves had a genetic trait that made them
  immune to malaria.
• By 1710 ? black slaves were a majority in
  Carolina.

American Long Grain Rice
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Crops of theCarolinas Indigo

• In colonial times, the main use for indigo was as
  a dye for spun cotton threads that were woven
  into cloth for clothes.
• Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye
  for cotton work clothes blue jeans.

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Rice Indigo Exportsfrom SC GA 1698-1775
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The Emergence of North Carolina

• Northern part of Carolina shared a border with VA
• VA dominated by aristocratic planters who were
  generally Church of England members.
• Dissenters from VA moved south to northern
  Carolina.
• Poor farmers with little need for slaves.
• Religious dissenters.
• Distinctive traits of North Carolinians
• Irreligious hospitable to pirates.
• Strong spirit of resistance to authority.
• 1712 ? NC officially separated from SC.

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Georgia

• Buffer state
• Col. James Oglethorpe
• Debtors colony

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Col. James Oglethorpe

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18c Southern Colonies
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Georgia--The Buffer Colony

• Chief Purpose of Creating Georgia
• As a buffer between the valuable Carolinas
  Spanish Florida French Louisiana.
• Received subsidies from British govt. to offset
  costs of defense.
• Export silk and wine.
• A haven for debtors thrown in to prison.
• Determined to keep slavery out!
• Slavery found in GAby 1750.

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The Port City of Savannah

• Diverse community.
• All Christians except Catholics enjoyed religious
  toleration.
• Missionaries worked among debtors and Indians ?
  most famous was John Wesley.

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Trade laws in the colonies

• Mercantilism
• Minimize imports
• Encourage manufacturing
• Tributary colonies
• Providing raw materials
• New English markets
• Navigation Acts
• Shipping laws
• Entrepots
• Colonial exports

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Lifestyles for the Backcountry

• Piedmont
• Small farms
• Conflicts with the Natives
• Sir William Berkeley
• Bacons Rebellion
• Nathaniel Bacon