Water Use

1
Label the following diagram using the words
listed below Continental Shelf Continental
Slope Volcano Seamounts Mid Atlantic
Ridge Abyssal Plain Trench
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Water Use

• Why is water essential to life on Earth?

3
Water Use

• A shortage of clean water is one of the worlds
  biggest environmental problems
• There are three main uses for water
• Residential
• Agriculture
• Industrial

4
Residential Use

• Residential water use varies widely throughout
  the world
• Ex In the US, we use about 80gal/day, but in
  India they use about 11gal/day
• In the US, about half of our water use is for
  activities inside the home (cooking, cleaning,
  washing, toilet flushing etc), the other half is
  used outside the home for activities (watering
  the lawn or washing cars)

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Residential Use
6
DO NOW

• Take out Notebook and Open to Notes on
  Residential Water Use
• Take out Personal Water Use Packets

7
Water Use Continued

• Why is water essential to life on Earth?

8
Industrial Use

• Accounts for 19 of world water use
• Manufacture goods, Dispose of waste, Generate
  power
• It takes a lot of water to manufacture everyday
  items
• Ex 500,000 L is used to manufacture a car
• Ex 1000 L used to manufacture 1 kg of aluminum
• Most water used in industry is used to cool power
  plants
• The smoke that comes out of nuclear reactors is
  steam

9
Agricultural Use

• 80 of water use world wide
• It takes a lot of water to produce a small amount
  of food
• Ex it takes 80 gallons of water to produce 1
  ear of corn
• About 80 of water used for agriculture
  evaporates and never reaches plants roots

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Agricultural Use

• Irrigation a method of providing plants with
  water from sources other than direct
  precipitation
• Irrigation of crops can become an environmental
  issue because high pressure overhead sprinklers
  are used often
• Very wasteful
• More than half the water gets evaporated and it
  never reaches the plants roots
• It is slowly becoming more common to use less
  wasteful irrigation methods
• Ex cotton is irrigated by shallow ditches

11
Water Management Projects

• Humans have altered streams and rivers more
  useful for thousands of years.
• Can be done for a few reasons
• Bringing in water to make a dry area habitable
• Creating a reservoir for drinking water or
  recreation
• Generating electric power
• Examples
• Canals, Aqueducts, Dams

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Water Diversion Projects

• Canal- a channel dug to transport water. They
  can be used to either transport goods or to
  divert water to an area for drinking or
  irrigation

13
Water Diversion Projects

• Aqueducts- a canal dug with the purpose of
  transporting water for drinking and irrigation
• Some aqueducts made by the Romans are still used
  today
• The Colorado River is diverted to dry states such
  as Arizona, Utah, and California

Roman Aqueduct
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Dams and Reservoirs

• Dam- a structure built across a river to control
  the rivers flow
• Reservoir- an artificial lake created when a dam
  is put in place
• Used for
• Flood control, Drinking water, Irrigation
• Recreation, Industry, Electrical Energy
• More than 20 of the worlds energy is produced
  by hydroelectric dams

15

• Case Study Hoover Dam
• Located Arizona and Nevada Border
• Controls Colorado River and created Lake Mead
• Built between 1931 - 1936
• Uses irrigation, flood control and hydroelectric
  power
• Annual power generation
• 4.2 billion kWh

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Impact of Dams and Reservoirs

• Dams/Reservoirs can cause damage to the
  environment
• The land behind a dam can become flooded, and
  destroy the ecosystem
• 50 million people around the world are displaced
  by dam projects
• Water behind a dam deposits sediment, leaving
  nutrients behind then they never get to the land
  below
• Dam failure can cause a huge issue. If the dam
  breaks it will flood the area below it and kill
  people

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Another Case Study!

• Three Gorges Dam in China
• Read the article being handed out and answer the
  questions provided.
• Be prepared to discuss your opinion on the Three
  Gorges Dam