3.02a,%203.02b%20The%20Renaissance

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3.02a, 3.02bThe Renaissance
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Definition

• In the early 1300s, a movement began in Italy
  that would become known as the Renaissance, or
  "rebirth." The Renaissance was characterized by
  a renewed interest in ancient Greece and Rome.

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Causes

• The Black Death had completely shaken European
  society
• Ruins of the Roman Empire still reminded Italians
  of Roman glory
• The Crusades brought Europeans in contact with
  Byzantium, whose scholars had preserved Greek and
  Roman learning
• Increased trade with Asia and Africa brought
  Europeans in contact with Arab and African
  achievements

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Patrons of the Arts

• Wealthy merchants in Italian cities such as
  Florence, Milan, Naples, Rome, and Venice became
  patrons of the arts. Examples include Lorenzo de
  Medici and Isabella d'Este.

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The Italian Renaissance

• The Italian Renaissance began in the city-states
  of Northern Italy
• It began in the 14th century

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• Italian scholars turned to Classical Greek and
  Roman literature to study grammar, history, and
  poetry
• These studies are called humanities, and people
  who specialized in them were called humanists.
• Renaissance humanists searched out manuscripts
  written in Greek and Latin.

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Humanism

• Intellectual movement during the Renaissance that
  focused on the study of worldly subjects, such as
  poetry and philosophy, and on human potential and
  achievements.
• Study classical texts to focus on human potential
  and achievements
• Popularized study of history, literature and
  philosophy humanities

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Enjoying Worldly Pleasures

• Dont live simply, enjoy all of lifes luxuries
• People became secular meaning they were more
  concerned with worldly affairs than religious
  ones.

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4 Features of Renaissance Art

• Individualism unique qualities of human face,
  show individual character in lifelike way
• Balance Proportion nature as standard,
  architecture for realism, show images in proper
  size
• Perspective impression of depth and distance on
  flat surface
• Oil Paint allowed painters to work more slowly,
  make new colors, life-like effects, show texture

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Donatello

• Sculptures were in natural poses and had
  expressions
• His David was the first nude since Roman times

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Leonardo da Vinci

• A painter, sculptor, inventor and a scientist
  Renaissance Man
• Studied how the human body worked
• Sketched inventions of the airplane and submarine
• Famous works Mona Lisa, The Last Supper,
  Vitruvian Man

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Mona Lisa
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The Last Supper
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Vitruvian Man
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Notebooks
Leonardo da Vinci dissected corpses to learn how
bones and muscles work
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Michaelangelo

• Renaissance Man
• Famous for portrayal of human body in sculpture
  and paintings
• Famous works Pieta, David, Sistine Chapel Ceiling

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Pieta
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Raphael

• Hired by Pope Julius II to paint on the walls of
  the Vatican
• Portrayed expressions of calm
• Famous Work School of Athens where Greek
  Philosophers were meeting with Renaissance artists

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The Northern Renaissance

• The Northern Renaissance describes the
  Renaissance in Northern Europe in the 15th and
  16th century
• Trade, the movement of artists and scholars, and
  the development of printing helped spread
  Renaissance ideas northward.

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Self Portrait, Albrecht Dürer
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The Arnolfini Wedding, Jan Van Eyck
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Change in Language

• Began to write in the vernacular
• Writing in your everyday language
• Wrote for self-expression or to portray
  individuality

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Machiavelli Advises Rulers

• Wrote The Prince
• Said people are selfish and corrupt
• To succeed in a wicked world a prince must be
  strong and sly
• Must trick enemies and their own subjects to stay
  in power

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Political Ideas of the Renaissance
Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) An Italian
Philosopher and Writer based in Florence during
the Renaissance The Prince (Published in
1532) Machiavelli believed One can make this
generalization about men they are ungrateful,
fickle, liars, and deceivers, they shun danger
and are greedy for profit Machiavelli observed
city-state rulers of his day and produced
guidelines for how to gain and maintain power.
Absolute Rule He felt that a ruler should be
willing to do anything to maintain control
without worrying about conscience.
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• Better for a ruler to be feared than to be loved
• Ruler should be quick and decisive in decision
  making
• Ruler keeps power by any means necessary
• The end justifies the means
• Be good when possible, and evil when necessary

Today, the term Machiavellian refers to the use
of deceit in politics
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William Shakespeare1564-1616

• English poet and playwright
• Well-known plays include
• Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet
• Influence and Impact on the Renaissance
• He expanded the dramatic potential of
  characterization (his characters were very
  complex), plot, language (creative), and genre

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• Printing Press - Around 1450, the German Johannes
  Gutenberg created moveable type - letters of the
  alphabet on metal plates that could be arranged
  on a wooden press. Chinese and Koreans used a
  similar process using wooden blocks centuries
  earlier, but Gutenberg's invention seems to have
  been independent of the Chinese process.
• The printing press was significant because books
  could now be made quickly and inexpensively.