European Integration

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European Integration

• Govt 1183
• Lecture twohistorical background
• Feb 9--2006

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Europe in Maps

• Sources 2-3 4-17 http//homepages.wmich.edu/he
  ga/PSCI340/ps340map.html
• Sources 4 http//perso.numericable.fr/7ealhouot/a
  lain.houot/Hist/ma/matm14.html
• Sources 19-26 Martin White http//users.erols.com/
  mwhite28/warstat0.htmEuropean

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               Map 2 Europe in 1215
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            Map 3 Europe in 1517 This map shows
Europe in the year the Reformation began

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                                      Map 4
Europe in 1648
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                 Map 6 Europe in 1812 This map
shows Europe during the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon
was at the height of his power.
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              Map 7 Europe in 1860 This map
shows Europe in 1860.
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               Map 8 Europe in 1871
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               Map 9 Europe in 1917 This map
shows Europe during the year of the Russian
Revolution.
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               Map 10 Europe after World War
I This map shows Europe in 1923.
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Europe in 1937                                 
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                
                                         
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                 Map 11 Europe in 1942 This map
shows Europe at the height of Nazi aggression.

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              Map 14 Europe in
1990
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             Map 15 Europe in 1995
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World War One Deaths

• Total Killed
• 15 million
• Number Sources and Maps http//users.erols.com/mw
  hite28/warstat1.htm
• --each symbol represents 100,000 dead

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Losses in the First World War
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                              Each symbol
indicates 100,000 dead                          
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                
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World War Two Deaths

• Total Number Killed
• 50-55 Million
• Soldiers 22.0M
• Civilian Deaths
• In camps, from Fascist terror 12.0M
• From hostilities, blockade, epidemics, hunger
  14.5M
• From bombing 1.5M.
• Source. Martin White http//users.erols.com/mwhite
  28/warstat1.htm

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Losses in the Second World War
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                   
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manpower mobilized by the warring nations
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                   
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Europe 1945-1970
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Europe in 1970                                
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                
                                                  
  
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                               Relative Military
Spending by the nations of the world, ca. 2003
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  
                                      
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Theories of Integration

• Euro-centric actorsJean Monnet et al
• State-Centric(a) Statesmen seeking security and
  welfare for their state and (b) Politicians
  seeking a place or position.
• Business-Centric
• Demos-Centricrole of intellectual elites role
  of the people.

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• "I wish to speak to you today about the tragedy
  of Europe. (...) Yet all the while there is a
  remedy which, if it were generally and
  spontaneously adopted by the great majority of
  people in many lands, would as if by a miracle
  transform the whole scene, and would in a few
  years make all Europe, or the greater part of it,
  as free and as happy as Switzerland is today.
  What is this sovereign remedy? It is to recreate
  the European Family, or as much of it as we can,
  and to provide it with a structure under which it
  can dwell in peace, in safety and in freedom. We
  must build a kind of United States of Europe.
  (...) The first step in the recreation of the
  European Family must be a partnership between
  France and Germany."
• Winston ChurchillSpeech at Zurich
  University19th September 1946

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The Lives and Teachings of the European Saints

• Alan Milward, The European Rescue of the
  Nation-State (Routledge 1999)

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Milwards Skepticism

• The founding fathers of the EC appear in most
  histories as the harbingers of a new order in
  which the nation holds no place.
• Far from renouncing the nation-statethey
  recognizedthe need for those limited surrenders
  of national sovereignty through which the
  nation-state and WE were jointly strengthened.

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Treaty of Rome PreambleBelgium, Germany,
France, Italy, Lux., and the Neths. Determined
to lay the foundations of an ever closer union
among the peoples of Europe, Resolved to ensure
the economic and social progress of their
countries by common action to eliminate the
barriers which divide Europe,Affirming as the
essential objective of their efforts the constant
improvement of the living and working conditions
of their peoples,Recognising that the removal
of existing obstacles calls for concerted action
in order to guarantee steady expansion, balanced
trade and fair competition,Anxious to
strengthen the unity of their economies and to
ensure their harmonious development by reducing
the differences existing between the various
regions and the backwardness of the less favoured
regions,Desiring to contribute, by means of a
common commercial policy, to the progressive
abolition of restrictions on international
trade,Intending to confirm the solidarity which
binds Europe and the overseas countries and
desiring to ensure the development of their
prosperity, in accordance with the principles of
the Charter of the United Nations,Resolved by
thus pooling their resources to preserve and
strengthen peace and liberty, and calling upon
the other peoples of Europe who share their ideal
to join in their efforts,Have decided to create
a European Economic Community
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Treaty of Rome (1957)

• The activities of the Community shall include
• (a) the elimination as between Member States, of
  customs duties and quantitative restrictions on
  the import and export of goods, and of all other
  measures having equivalent effect
• (b) a common commercial policy
• (c) an internal market characterized by the
  abolition, as between Member States, of obstacles
  to the free movement of goods, persons, services
  and capital
• (e) a common policy in the sphere of agriculture
  and fisheries
• (h) the approximation of the laws of the Member
  States to the extent required for the functioning
  of the common market
• (i) a policy in the social sphere comprising a
  European Social Fund
• (j) the strengthening of economic and social
  cohesion

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Political Structure of the EU.

• CommissionSupranational.
• Council of MinistersIntergovernmental.
• ParliamentSupranational.
• CourtSupranational.

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