Josef Vojtech

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Equipment for open photonic networking
www.ces.net
czechlight.cesnet.cz

• Josef Vojtech
• Miloslav Hula, Jan Nejman, Jan Radil, Pavel Škoda

vojtech (at) cesnet (dot) cz
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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking
Authors participate on CESNET research
program(www.ces.net), GN3 (www.geant.net), Prese
nted content does not necessarily reflect an
official opinion of any institution or project.
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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Outline

• Free and Open Software, Free HW, Open and Free HW
  in Networking
• Open Photonic Systems
• Building Blocks
• Monitoring and Planning of Photonics Systems
• Operational Costs
• Conclusions
• Acknowledgement
• Q A

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Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingFree a
Open Source Software

• Free a Open source SW
• Free SW - freedom to use, study and modify not
  necessarily for free, sometimes Libre is used to
  avoid misunderstanding
• Open source SW open source code for development
  by user community and freedom of redistribution
• These classes not exactly the same - some open
  licenses to restrictive for free on a contrary
  some free licenses unacceptable under open
• Differences are small, majority of free SW is
  also open source and vice versa
• Business model of free SW is typically based on
  added services, for example customer support,
  training, customization, integration or
  certification
• Commercial software can be free software or
  proprietary software, contrary to a popular
  misconception that "commercial software" is a
  synonym for "proprietary software" (an example of
  commercial free software is Red Hat Linux)
• Freeware
• Usage free of charge
• Authors retain all rights, reverse engineering,
  modification and redistribution can be limited

Source wikipedia
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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Open
Hardware

• Success of free and open SW is obvious
• Open source hardware
• Designed and offered in the same way as free and
  open SW
• Open approach applied to HW (for example
  schematics)
• Free and open approach applied to SW controlling
  this HW
• Open design
• Design of products or systems through publicly
  shared information
• Source wikipedia

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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Free and
Open Approach in Networking

• What about free and open approach in networking?
• It exists, especially at higher levels, plenty of
  smaller project, e.g. open routers
• Also vendors of proprietary equipment developed
  for commercial ISPs use this approach e.g.
  Juniper has opened network OS JUNOS (based on
  Free BSD) and created Partner Solution
  Development Platform already in 2007
• Nevertheless RE network operators know first
  what they and their customers/members need
• This should allow fast development of innovative
  and better services
• Also it can bring partial independence on vendors
  roadmaps, typically oriented to ISPs or carriers
• What about the lowest layers, especially
  photonic?

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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Free and
Open Approach in Transmission Systems

• Open transmission system have been developed in
  CESNET
• It uses open source SW based on Debian and SLAX
• System users can (and are encouraged to) actively
  improve SW they know the best what they need
• Fast development of new and better features and
  services
• Freedoms preserved
• To operate system according needs
• To study how system works
• To modify system
• Business model is similar to open SW e.g.
  design of systems, maintenance, customization and
  support

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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Building
Blocks of Open WDM Systems

• Traditional static WDM systems consist of few
  basic building blocks
• MUX/DEMUXes, OADMs, amplifiers, DCUs
• Available building blocks of open system
• Amplifiers of different types EDFA, Raman,
  TDM-Raman (spectrally flat gain and OSNR)
• Tunable CD compensators based on different
  principles FBG, GTE, VIPA, MZI
• Remaining necessary blocks available from 3rd
  parties

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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Building
Blocks of Open WDM Systems

• Modern WDM systems with dynamic lambda routing
  capability deploy additional blocks
• VMUXes - dynamical signal attenuation,
  equalization
• ROADMs - dynamical add drop
• Open system
• VMUXes, ROADMs

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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Building
Blocks of Open WDM Systems

• WDM systems with traditional
• 2 degree ROADMs
• ring topology

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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Building
Blocks of Open WDM Systems

• Automatic and touch-less lambda provisioning
• Colourless inputs/outputs necessary to support
  tunable transceivers, composite signals can be
  treated
• To avoid expensive and potentially inaccurate
  manual work, especially in field
• Multi-degree ROADMs (deggt2) allow to built more
  advanced topologies (meshes, ring of rings,)
• Open system
• colourless VMUXes, multideg. ROADMs

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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Building
blocks of Open WDM systems
Multidegree ROADM (degree4)
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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Building
Blocks of Open WDM Systems Fibre Switches

• Backup or resources sharing
• CLS 16x16 mechanically based, broadband
• Operational band O C L
• Insertion loss 2 dB
• Switching speed 40 ms
• Durability 109 cycles
• CLS 8x8 (PM) non-mechanically based
• Operational band C
• Insertion loss 4 dB
• Switching speed 3 ms
• Durability MTBF 106 hrs (114 years)
• CLS 16x16 non-mechanically based
• Operational band C
• Insertion loss 5 dB
• Switching speed 3 ms
• Durability MTBF 5105 hrs

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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Building
Blocks of Open WDM systems Multicast Fibre
Switches

• Dynamic distribution of high speed signals or
  real time signals, for example 4K, 8K or
  uncompressed HD video
• CLM 4x4, 8x8, 2x16 mechanically based,
  broadband
• Operational band O L (1310-1600nm)
• Insertion loss 9, 12, 14 dB
• Switching speed 10 ms
• Durability 107 cycles
• CLM 4x8 - non-mechanically based
• Operational band C
• Insertion loss 14 dB
• Switching speed 6ms
• Durability MTBF 106 hrs

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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Building
Blocks of Open WDM Systems Multicast on Demand
Fibre Switches

• Switching from 11 to multicasting or monitoring
  with on-fly variable ratios
• CLS/M 8x8, CLS/M 16x16
• Operational band C
• Insertion loss 4-13, 5-17 dB
• Switching speed 3ms
• Durability MTBF 106, 5105 hrs

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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Building
Blocks of Open WDM Systems

• Wavelength converters (up to 40Gb/s, multicast
  option)
• Channel (lambda) monitors
• Next blocks are continuously developed and
  improved

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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking
Monitoring of Open WDM Systems

• Web based system for optical devices monitoring
• Interactive topology map
• Display real-time device state
• Proactive monitoring for NOC
• Saves long history to allow trends analysis (e.g.
  attenuation)
• Supports all CLA devices future releases will
  also include 3rd party optical devices
• Linux based using Apache, PostgreSQL and SVG
  technology
• Monitoring is available as CESNET service

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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking
Monitoring of Open WDM Systems
Management SW, screen shot
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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Planning
Software for Photonic Networks

• CESNET worked on conceptualization of networks on
  photonic layer (Phosphorus, Deliverable 6.9,
  http//www.ist-phosphorus.eu/files/deliverables/Ph
  osphorus-deliverable-D6.9.pdf)
• Some HW vendors have proprietary planning SW for
  optical transmission systems (we did not find
  publicly available information)
• Capability of these systems to plan networks with
  multivendor equipment is missing
• Working on own SW
• If you know about any SW, let us know...

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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Example
of Transmission Costs
Equipment developed for commercial internet providers Equipment developed for commercial internet providers Equipment developed for commercial internet providers Equipment developed for commercial internet providers
Cost of Consumption Fibre Lighting Fiber Leasing
EUR/km/y 10 816 500
Open equipment Open equipment Open equipment Open equipment
Cost of Consumption Fibre Lighting Fiber Leasing
EUR/km/y 3 177 500

• Power consumption (expressed by cost) of Open
  equipment is significantly lower then in network
  lighted by equipment developed for commercial
  internet providers
• Open devices can lower the lighting cost about
  three times compared with equipment developed
  for commercial internet providers
• Availability of open equipment can help to ask
  other vendors for high discounts

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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Example
of consumption savings

• The difference in fibre lightning costs is mainly
  because of Open system optimization for long span
  transmission
• The difference in power consumption costs between
  Open equipment and equipment developed for
  commercial internet providers is about 7 EUR/km/y
• That means savings of about 70 000 EUR/y just in
  RE fibre footprint of 10 000 km

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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking Example
of Bidirectional Transmission Cost over Single
Fibre

• Fibre pair lease 500 EUR/km/y
• Open transmission cost 177 EUR/km/y
• Single fibre lease 300 EUR/km/y
• Open transmission cost 207 EUR/km/y
• Saving of 170 EUR/km/y by single fibre used which
  represents saving of about 25

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Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingBidirection
al Transmission over Single Fibre

• Pros
• Cost for example 25 saving
• Verified in operation e.g. by SWITCH, CESNET
• Higher availability of PoPs (two topologically
  diverse single fibre lines are more reliable than
  one fibre pair line)
• Sufficient for lines without (expected) high
  demand for bandwidth
• - Cons
• Half number of available channels
• C band_at_100GHz 32-gt16 or 40 -gt20
• C band_at_50GHz 80 -gt 40
• CL band_at_50GHz 160 -gt 80
• Slightly complicated HW combination, split
• Slightly difficult debugging - reflections

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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking
Conclusions

• Open photonic systems exist and are continuously
  developed including their management SW
• Open system optimization for long span
  transmission systems can cut down lambda
  transmission cost and power consumption cost
  significantly when compared to equipment
  developed for commercial internet providers
• Single fibre utilization can offer additional
  important saving from transmission cost
• The power consumption cost of system with modern
  photonic transmission equipment IS an advantage
  if considered in large scale
• In long term perspective, relative prices of
  equipment are decreasing, new equipment developed
  for commercial internet providers can be less
  expensive and new open photonic equipment can be
  also less expensive you should always compare
  before decision

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Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingAcknowledg
ement

• Jan Gruntorád, Lada Altmanová, Miroslav Karásek,
  Martin Míchal, Václav Novák, Karel Slavícek,
  Stanislav Šíma

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Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingThank
You for attention!QA?vojtech (at) cesnet
(dot) cz
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Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingList of
Acronyms 1

• ASE Amplified Spontaneous Emission
• CD Chromatic Dispersion
• CS-RZ Carrier Suppressed Return to Zero
• CW Continuous Wave
• DCF Dispersion Compensating Fibre
• DFG Difference Frequency Generation
• DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying
• DSF Dispersion Shifted Fibre
• DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
• EDFA Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier
• FBG Fibre Bragg Grating
• FWHM Full Width at Half Maximum
• FWM Four Wave Mixing
• GE Gigabit Ethernet
• GTE Gires-Tournois Etalon
• HD High Density
• HNLF Highly Non Linear Fibre
• LAN Local Area Network
• MAN Metropolian Area Networks

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Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingList of
Acronyms 2

• MZI Mach Zhender Interferometer
• NF Noise Figure
• NIL Nothing in Line
• NREN National Research and Educational Network
• NRZ Non Return to Zero
• NZDSF Non-Zero Dispersion Shifted Fibres
• OA Optical Amplifier
• ODB Optical Duo Binary
• OEO Optical-Electrical-Optical
• OOK On-Off Keying
• OSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
• PC Personal Computer
• PCI-X Peripheral Component Interconnect Extended
• PDFA or PrDFA Praseodymium (Pr) Doped Fibre
  Amplifier
• PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit
• QoS Quality of Services
• REN Research and Educational Network
• RFA Raman Fibre Amplifier
• RZ Return to Zero

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Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingList of
Acronyms 3

• SC Super Continuum
• SMF Single Mode Fibre
• SNR signal to noise ratio
• SOA Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
• SSMF Standard Single Mode Fibre
• TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
  Protocol
• TDFA Thulium (Tm) Doped Fibre Amplifier
• TDM Time Division Multiplexing
• WAN Wide Area Network
• WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
• XFP 10 Gigabit Small Form Factor Pluggable
• XGM Cross Gain Modulation
• XPM Cross Phase Modulation

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Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingReferences
1

• 1 Petr Holub, Josef Vojtech, Jan Radil, et.
  al., Pure Optical (Photonic) Multicast, GLIF
  2007 Demo, Prague, 2007.
• 2 Jan Radil, Stanislav Šíma, Customized
  Approaches to Fibre-based E2E Services, TERENENA
  1st E2E Workshop, Amsterdam, 2008.
• 3 Stanislav Šíma, et. al., LTTx Lightpaths
  to the application, From GOLEs to dispersed end
  users , GLIF 2008 Workshop, Seattle WA, 2008.
• 4 Josef Vojtech, Jan Radil, Transparent all
  optical switching devices in CESNET, 25th APAN
  meeting, Honolulu HI, 2008.
• 5 Radil J., Vojtech J., Karásek M., Šíma S.
  Dark Fibre Networks and How to Light Them, 4th
  Quilt Optical Networking Workshop, Fort
  Lauderdale FL, 2006.

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Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingReferences
2

• 6 www.seefire.org, Deliverables
• 7 czechligh.cesnet.cz, Publications
• 8 Global Lambda Integrated Facility,
  http//www.glif.is
• 9 Vojtech J., CzechLight and CzechLight
  amplifiers. In 17th TF-NGN meeting, Zurych,
  Switzerland, April 2005

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Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingTransmissi
on Systemsa little bit of history

• 1st. and 2nd. generation
• MM 850nm, SM ITU-T G.652 1310nm, reach increase -
  regeneration
• 3rd. generation
• SM 1550nm, reach increase - regeneration, (DSF
  ITU-T G.653)
• 4th. generation, introduction of WDM, real
  breakthrough - huge bandwidth increase
• Amplification - EDFA, (development 80s,
  commercial availability 90s)
• Fibres according G.653 unsuitable due to FWM,
  introduction of NZDSF ITU-T G.655
• ? 5th. gen predicted in 2000 ultra-broadband O,
  E, S, C, L, U (1260-1650 nm), in lab still

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Equipment for Open Photonic NetworkingPresent
Transmission Systems

• Common 50/100 GHz systems, C band, approx. 80/40
  channels, CL band approx. 160 channels
• Commercially available 25 GHz systems and e.g.
  undersea 33 GHz systems
• Why not ultra broadband? - Bandwidth demand
  satisfied by serial speed growth
• But 10-gt40G transition (ODB, DPSK) brought strict
  design rules
• 100G coherent PM-DQPSK solves some issues
• Works over 50 GHz grid
• Design rules almost 10G CD, PMD electronic
  compensation
• - Sensitive to non-linearities, FWM-gtDCFs
  removal-gtcoexistence with present 10G channels?
• - Cost of complicated modulation format (TXRX)
  necessity of powerful DSPs and ADCs
• Proposed alternative modulation formats 16 QAM,
  OFDM, 3ASK-PSK,

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Equipment for Open Photonic Networking100G
PM-DQPSK - TX RX proposal

• Hopefully will gain from integration

Source www.oiforum.com
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Equipment for open photonic networkingWavelength
Selective Switch
Wavelength selective switch, degree 4, the
principle
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Equipment for open photonic networkingPresent
Transmission Systems

• Digital DWDM system
• Profits from photonic integration photonic
  integrated circuits (PIC)
• Do not use optical processing (CD, EDFA) but
  massive OEO regeneration in each node

DWDM system on chip, source Infinera