GENETICS

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GENETICS

• DOMINANT/ RECESSIVE NOTES

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DEFINITIONS

• Heredity the passing on of traits from parents
  to their young
• Genetics branch of biology that studies
  heredity
• Traits specific characteristics that vary from
  one individual to another

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GREGOR MENDEL

• A monk who lived in the 19th century and
  revolutionized genetics with his ideas about how
  traits are inherited by doing experiments with
  pea plants
• Known as The Father of Genetics

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DEFINITIONS

• Self-pollination
• (True-breeding)
• Getting characteristics from 1 parent
• Produces a purebred

• Cross-pollination
• Getting characteristics from 2 different parents
• Produces a hybrid

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2 Conclusions from Mendels work

• 1. Individual factors control each trait
• Genes factors that control traits (ex. Height)
• Alleles different forms of a gene (ex. Tall
  Short)

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2 Conclusions from Mendels work

• 2. Principle of Dominance some factors are
  dominant some are recessive
• Dominant effects of these genes are seen when 2
  different alleles are present
• Recessive form of a gene not expressed when
  paired with a dominant allele (only seen when
  another recessive allele is present)

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DEFINITIONS

• Genotype genetic makeup
• Ex. TT, Tt or tt
• Phenotype physical characteristics (what they
  look like)
• Ex. Tall, short

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DEFINITIONS

• Homozygous organism that has 2 identical
  alleles for a trait
• Ex. TT or tt
• Heterozygous organism that has 2 different
  alleles for a trait
• Ex. Tt