Chapter 2 - Understanding Colonialism

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Chapter 2 - Understanding Colonialism
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• What is Colonialism?
• What is Imperialism?

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Colonialism is.

• The establishment and maintenance for an extended
  time, of rule over an alien people that is
  separate and subordinate to the ruling power -
  King (1976)
•        The policy or practice of acquiring
  political control over another country, occupying
  it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
  Oxford Dictionary (1999)
•        The establishment of domination of a
  geographically extended political unit, most
  often inhabited by people of a different race and
  culture, where this domination is political and
  economic and the colony exists subordinated to
  and dependent on the mother country.- Blauer

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Colonialism is.

• Colonialism is often defined as a system of
  government, which seeks to defend an unequal
  system of commodity exchange Corbridge (1993).
•        Said (1979) maintains that colonialism
  exited in order to impose the superiority of the
  European way of life on that of the Oriental, a
  colonization of minds and bodies as much as that
  of space and economies and much harder to
  transcend or throw off.

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Imperialism is.

• Some Definitions of Imperialism
• A policy of extending a countrys power and
  influence through colonization, use of military
  force, or other means (Concise Oxford
  Dictionary, 1999)
• The above definition leads to discrepancies in
  the chronology of imperialism. For example,
• Maxist (Leninist) analysts believe that this
  monopoly stage of capitalism only began around
  the start of the twentieth century (Bell 1980)
• Another more broadly reaching definition is,
• both formal colonies and privileged positions in
  markets, protected sources of materials and
  extended opportunities for profitable employment
  of labour (Barratt-Brown, 1974 22)

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Principal Processes of Colonialism
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Phases of Colonialism and Imperialism
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Spanish and Portuguese Colonialism
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Spanish and Portuguese Colonialism
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Mercantile Colonialism Plantation System and
Forced Labor
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Mercantile Colonialism The Plantation System
and Forced Labor
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Mercantile Colonialism Intensified Trade Links

• By the mid 1700s, Europeans were trading with
  Asia and coastal Africa without settlement
• In Asia, Europeans traded and resided in
  intermediary ports such as Macau

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Mercantile Colonialism Intensified Trade Links

• Non Europeans were regarded as cultural equals
• No extensive colonial settlements in Asia/Africa
• No dominant-subordinate relationship yet

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Mercantile Colonialism Intensified Trade Links

• Trade in Asia and Africa began to expand.
• European Trading Companies began to
  systematically organize it
• Increased European presence, and involvement in
  local politics

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